http://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Harms.Matt&feedformat=atomAnabaptistwiki - User contributions [en]2024-03-28T16:34:01ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.35.2http://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Anabaptistwiki:Sources&diff=2293Anabaptistwiki:Sources2010-03-03T16:03:16Z<p>Harms.Matt: </p>
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We envision the Global Anabaptist Wiki to become a major site for primary sources related to the Anabaptist-Mennonite tradition: from the 16th century to the present and in a wide variety of languages. Please post any public domain sources you think might be of interest to other users of AnabaptistWiki. Our staff will help to sort and organize source material into appropriate categories as it is added. Click [[:Category:Sources|here]] to view sources.<br />
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==Adding sources==<br />
There are two ways you add sources, either directly as an article or as an uploaded file with a brief annotation. Inserting source text directly as an article is more accessible to individuals with slow internet connections and avoids confusion over file format, while uploading a file is less labor intensive. <br />
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To add a source, either as text or as an uploaded file you must first create a page for your source. Go to the [[:Category:Sources|Sources]] page and click the "edit" tab. Insert a link to your source under the section for your region and country using the following code: <code><nowiki>[[Your Source Title]]</nowiki></code>. This will create a red link (meaning the article does not exist yet). Follow this link to create a new page for your source. <br />
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If you are directly adding your source as text on the Anabaptist wiki, simply copy or type your source text on the page you have created.<br />
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If you are uploading a file, write a brief annotation on the new page you have created describing the source to future readers. Next, you can upload your source. To start, click on the "Upload file" link on the left hand side of the Anabaptist Wiki under the heading "toolbox." On this page choose the file you wish to contribute and upload it to the Anabaptist Wiki. Before you finish, be sure to copy the text beside the "Destination filename" heading. After uploading your file, return to the source page you have created to insert a link to the file you have uploaded. To create a link use the following code <code><nowiki>[[Media:The Text from the "Destination filename" heading|The text you wish to appear for those reading the page]]</nowiki></code>.<br />
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After inserting your source material, be sure to insert the following code at the bottom of the page <code><nowiki>[[Category:Sources]]</nowiki></code>. This will create a link to your source material on the [[:Category:Sources|sources category page]]. <br />
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If you are adding source material in a language other than English (To learn about creating pages in languages other than English read about our [[Anabaptistwiki:Language policy|language policy]]), add a language code to the end of the category code to create a link to the source in the appropriate sources category language page. For example, if you write a story in Spanish, you should insert the following code at the bottom of the page <code><nowiki>[[Category:Sources/es]]</nowiki></code>. This will create a link to your story on the category page for all stories written in Spanish.<br />
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If you have further questions and are still unsure how to contribute sources to the Anabaptist Wiki, contact John D. Roth at johndr@goshen.edu, and one of our staff will help you add your source.<br />
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[[Category:Policy]]</div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Mennonite_World_Conference&diff=2287Mennonite World Conference2010-02-20T16:38:13Z<p>Harms.Matt: </p>
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'''Mennonite World Conference (MWC) '''is a global faith community in the Anabaptist tradition that links together Anabaptist-related churches and engages other world communions and organizations. Every six to seven years Mennonite and Brethren in Christ conferences and groups gather for a general assembly.<br />
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MWC provides a variety of print resources to connect members of the global Anabaptist fellowship. The organization issues regular news releases and publishes a quarterly periodical, ''Courier'', that appears in English, French, and Spanish. Similarly, MWC has sponsored a [http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=24&Itemid=37 Global History project] that includes five books tracing the "origins, development and mission of the Anabaptist-related churches [in [[Africa]], [[Asia and Pacific|Asia]], [[Europe]], [[Caribbean, Central and South America|Latin America]], and [[North America]]], reflecting the experiences, understandings and perspectives of these churches."<ref>"Global History Project," ''Mennonite World Conference,'' http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=24&Itemid=37. (accessed 8 June 2009).</ref><br />
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Beyond print media, MWC connects Anabaptist churches through global initiatives like fund and gift sharing, world fellowships, interchurch dialogue, women's theological groups, and world fellowship Sundays. <br />
<br />
In 2009 MWC included 227 organized Mennonite or Brethren in Christ Conferences across 80 countries and six continents. Membership stood at 1,616,126, with 60% of members living in Africa, Asia, or Latin America.<br />
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==History==<br />
MWC began in Basel, Switzerland in 1925 when [http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/N450.html Christian Neff], president of the South German Mennonite Conference, called for a global Mennonite celebration of the 400th anniversary of Anabaptism in Switzerland. Neff also initiated the call for the two subsequent conferences. In 1930 Mennonites met in Danzig, Poland to organize a cooperative effort to respond to the needs of Russian Mennonite refugees who were settling in Paraguay, Brazil, and Canada. The third Mennonite World Conference was held in 1936 in Amsterdam, Netherlands to celebrate Menno Simons' conversion from Roman Catholicism. These three initial conferences laid the basic groundwork and built support for future Mennonite World Conferences.<ref>Bender, Harold S. and Paul N. Kraybill. "Mennonite World Conference." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. 1989. Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. Retrieved 08 June 2009 <http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/M4677ME.html>.</ref><br />
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At the fifth Mennonite World Conference in Basel, the focus of the gathering shifted away from a celebration of shared historical heritage and began to work more deliberately with specific theological issues.<ref>Ibid.</ref><br />
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By the eighth Mennonite World Conference in Amsterdam in 1967, the Mennonite church's non-Western membership had grown considerably; the next Mennonite World Conference--held in Curitiba, Brazil in 1972--was the first Mennonite World Conference held outside North America or Europe. The gathering in Curitiba brought the Mennonite World Conference to a crossroads as some groups boycotted the assembly in protest of the political repression they perceived in the country. Nonetheless, at Curitiba Mennonites affirmed the growing ethnic diversity of the church and called for future Mennonite World Conferences with more equitable global representation.<ref>Ibid.</ref><br />
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In recent decades MWC has continued to grow as an institutionalized global body.<br />
<br />
For a more comprehensive history see John A. Lapp and Ed van Straten's [[Media:Mqr2003jan-lapp_and_straten-.pdf|"Mennonite World Conference 1925-2000: From Euro-American Conference to Worldwide Conference"]] or [http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/M4677ME.html/?searchterm=Mennonite%20World%20Conference "Mennonite World Conference"] on ''Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online''.<br />
<br />
==General Assemblies==<br />
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Since 1925 MWC has held a general assembly every six or seven years. As of 2009 they had met in some fifteen of these sessions: <br />
<br />
{|cellspacing="1" cellpadding="3" border="1" width="90%"<br />
!Year <br />
!Location<br />
|-<br />
|<center>1925</center><br />
|Basel, Switzerland<br />
|-<br />
|<center>1930</center><br />
|Danzig, Poland<br />
|-<br />
|<center>1936</center><br />
|Amsterdam and Elspeet, Netherlands<br />
|-<br />
|<center>1948</center><br />
|Goshen, Indiana and North Newton, Kansas, USA<br />
|-<br />
|<center>1952</center><br />
|St. Chrischona, Switzerland<br />
|-<br />
|<center>1957</center><br />
|Karlsruhe, Germany<br />
|-<br />
|<center>1962</center><br />
|Kitchener, Ontario, Canada<br />
|-<br />
|<center>1967</center><br />
|Amsterdam, Netherlands<br />
|-<br />
|<center>1972</center><br />
|Curitiba, Brazil<br />
|-<br />
|<center>1978</center><br />
|Wichita, Kansas, USA<br />
|-<br />
|<center>1984</center><br />
|Strasbourg, France<br />
|-<br />
|<center>1990</center><br />
|Winnipeg, Canada<br />
|-<br />
|<center>1997</center><br />
|Calcutta, India<br />
|-<br />
|<center>2003</center><br />
|Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, Africa<br />
|-<br />
|<center>2009</center><br />
|Asuncion, Paraguay <ref>Ibid.</ref><br />
|}<br />
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<youtube width="300" height="225">tKPSt2Aylb0</youtube><br />
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==Key Leaders==<br />
===Presidents===<br />
{|cellspacing="1" cellpadding="3" border="1" width="75%"<br />
!Name <br />
!Years Served<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
* Christian Neff (1863-1946), Germany<br />
<br />
::Konferenz der Süddeutschen Mennoniten<br />
| <br />
<center>1925-1946</center><br />
|-<br />
| <br />
* Peter C. Hiebert (1870-1963), United States<br />
<br />
::Conference of Mennonite Brethren (Canada/U.S.)<br />
| <br />
<center>1948-1952</center><br />
|-<br />
| <br />
* Harold S. Bender (1897-1962), United States<br />
<br />
::Mennonite Church (Canada/U.S.)<br />
| <br />
<center>1952-1962</center><br />
|-<br />
| <br />
* Erland Waltner (1914-2009), United States<br />
<br />
::General Conference Mennonite Church (Canada/U.S.)<br />
| <br />
<center>1963-1973</center><br />
|-<br />
| <br />
* Million Belete, Ethiopia<br />
<br />
::[[Meserete Kristos Church]]<br />
| <br />
<center>1973-1984</center><br />
|-<br />
| <br />
* Charles Christano, Indonesia<br />
<br />
::[[Persatuan Gereja-Gereja Kristen Muria Indonesia]]<br />
| <br />
<center>1978-1984</center><br />
|-<br />
| <br />
* Ross T. Bender (1929- ), United States<br />
<br />
::Mennonite Church (Canada/U.S.)<br />
| <br />
<center>1984-1990</center><br />
|-<br />
| <br />
* Raul O. Garcia (1930- ), Argentian<br />
<br />
::[[Iglesia Evangélica Menonita Argentina]]<br />
| <br />
<center>1990-1997</center><br />
|-<br />
| <br />
* Mesach Krisetya, Indonesia<br />
<br />
::[[Persatuan Gereja-Gereja Kristen Muria Indonesia]]<br />
| <br />
<center>1997-2003</center><br />
|-<br />
| <br />
* Nancy R. Heisey (1952- ), United States<br />
<br />
::[[Mennonite Church USA]]<br />
| <br />
<center>2003-2009</center><br />
|-<br />
| <br />
* Danisa Ndlovu, Zimbabwe<br />
<br />
::[[Ibandla Labazalwane kuKristu eZimbabwe]]<br />
| <br />
<center>2009- <ref>[[Media:MWC_Leaders.doc|"MWC Leaders." Document retrieved from MWC website, http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/ (accessed 15 June 2009)]]</ref></center><br />
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===Executive Secretaries===<br />
{|cellspacing="1" cellpadding="3" border="1" width="75%"<br />
!Name <br />
!Years Served<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
* Cornelius J. Dyck (1921- )<br />
<br />
::Working from office in Elkhart, Indiana, U.S.<br />
| <br />
<center>1961-1973</center><br />
|-<br />
| <br />
* Paul N. Kraybill (1925-1993) <br />
<br />
::Working form office in Lombard, Illinois, U.S.<br />
| <br />
<center>1973-1990</center><br />
|-<br />
| <br />
* Larry Miller (1949- )<br />
<br />
::Working from office in Strasbourg, France<br />
| <br />
<center>1990- <ref>[[Media:MWC_Leaders.doc|Ibid.]]</ref></center><br />
|}<br />
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==Electronic Resources==<br />
*[[Media:Worldmap2003.pdf|2003 MWC World Map]]<br />
*[[Media:2006africa.pdf|2006 MWC Africa Directory]]<br />
*[[Media:2006asiapacific.pdf|2006 MWC Asia and Pacific Directory]]<br />
*[[Media:2006_MWC_Directory_for_Caribbean,_Central_and_South_America.pdf|2006 MWC Central America, Caribbean, and South America Directory]]<br />
*[[Media:2006europe.pdf|2006 MWC Europe Directory]]<br />
*[[Media:Mqr2003jan-lapp_and_straten-.pdf|John A. Lapp and Ed van Straten, "Mennonite World Conference 1925-2000: From Euro-American Conference to Worldwide Communion," <i>Mennonite Quarterly Review</i> 77, no. 1 (Jan 2003): 7-45.]]<br />
*[[Media:2006namerica.pdf|2006 MWC North America Directory]]<br />
*[[Media:Called_to_Be_Peacemakers_Catholic_Mennonite_Interactions.pdf|Called Together to Be Peacemakers: Report of the International Dialogue between the Catholic Church and Mennonite World Conference]]<br />
*[[Media:MWC_Leaders.doc|MWC Leaders]]<br />
*[[Media:Shared_Convictions_English.pdf|MWC Shared Convictions]]<br />
*[[Media:Women_Theologians_Movement.doc|Women Theologians Movement]]<br />
*[[Media:Mqr2000april-review_of_Theological_Education_on_Five_Continents-.pdf|David A. Shank, "Review: <i>Theological Education on Five Continents: Anabaptist Perspectives</i>," <i>Mennonite Quarterly Review</i> 74, no. 2 (April 2000): 346-347.]]<br />
<br />
==Annotated Bibliography==<br />
*Global Mennonite History Project (GMHP)<br />
*Lapp John A. and C. Arnold Snyder. ''Anabaptist Songs in African Hearts''. Intercourse, PA: Good Books, 2006.<br />
*Lapp John A. and C. Arnold Snyder. ''Testing Faith and Tradition''. Intercourse, PA: Good Books, 2006.<br />
<br />
::The Global Mennonite History Project is a MWC initiative to record the stories of Anabaptist related groups in Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, and North America. To date (June 2009) MWC has released two volumes. ''Anabaptist Songs in African Hearts'' tells the histories of Anabaptist groups in South, Central, East, and West Africa. ''Testing Faith and Tradition'' describes the Anabaptist experiences in Germany, Switzerland, Netherlands, France, and Russia. To see a full description of the GMHP see MWC's [http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=24&Itemid=37 Global History Project] page.<br />
<br />
*Heisey, Nancy and Daniel S. Schipani. ''Theological Education on Five Continents: Anabaptist Perspectives''. Strasbourg, France: Mennonite World Conference, 1997.<br />
<br />
::''Theological Education on Five Continents'' is a collection of four major papers and the responses to those papers that were presented at a five continent consultation on theological education held in India in 1997. The book provides insight into grassroots theological ideas and the struggle for a unified Anabaptist identity.<br />
<br />
*Hussein, Bedru and Lynn Miller. ''Stewardship for All?: Two Believers - One from a Poor Country, One from a Rich Country - Speak from Their Settings''. Intercourse, PA: Good Books, 2006.<br />
<br />
::''Stewardship for All?'' presents a collaborative, global approach to stewardship. The book is divided into three sections. The first is a paper that Bedru Hussein initially wrote for the Meserete Kristos Church in Ethiopia as it became responsible for funding its own ministries after North American missionaries left. In part two Miller reflects on God's boundless generosity. Part three is a collection of a handful of stories about stewardship elsewhere around the globe.<br />
<br />
*Kreider Alan and Eleanor and Paulus Widjaja. ''A Culture of Peace: God's Vision for the Church''. Intercourse, PA: Good Books, 2005.<br />
<br />
::This book, the 2005 Mennonite World Conference Global Shelf Selection, is an introduction into the Church's call to foster "a culture of peace." The authors cover a variety of themes including: biblical foundations, peace in the church, peace in the work place, and peace in the world around us.<br />
<br />
*Lapp, John A. and Ed van Straten. "Mennonite World Conference 1925-2000: From Euro-American Conference to Worldwide Communion." <i>Mennonite Quarterly Review</i> 77, no. 1 (Jan 2003): 7-45.<br />
<br />
::See ''Source Material'' section. This article summarizes the history of Mennonite World Conference from 1925-2000. Beginning as occasional meetings that allowed North American and European Mennonites to collaborate in their response to the crises Mennonite's in Russia were facing.. Since 1925 the Mennonite church has grown into global community, with the majority of its members living in the global south. In this context MWC operates as worldwide communion in which groups across six continents can offer their gifts and admonitions.<br />
<br />
*"Mennonite Women Theologians."<br />
<br />
::See ''Source Material'' section. This document describes a Mennonite women's theological group that facilitates conversation among Mennonite women theologians and promotes women's contributions to church life.<br />
<br />
*''Mennonite World Handbook: 1984 Supplement.'' Strasburg: Mennonite World Conference, 1984.<br />
*''Mennonite World Handbook: A Survey of Mennonite and Brethren in Christ Churches.'' Lombard, Illinois: Mennonite World Conference, 1978.<br />
*''Mennonite World Handbook: Mennonites in Global Witness''. Edited by Diether Gotz Lichdi and Loretta Kreider. Carol Stream, Illinois: Mennonite World Conference, 1990. <br />
<br />
::The ''Global Mennonite World Handbook'' provides information on conferences and congregations that form the global Anabaptist church. The statistics, stories, and articles collected within provide a sense of the church’s activity and growth throughout the world.<br />
<br />
*Neufeld, Alfred. ''What We Believe Together: Exploring the "Shared Convictions" of Anabaptist Related Churches.'' Intercourse, PA: Good Books, 2007.<br />
<br />
::In ''What We Believe Together'' Paraguayan Mennonite scholar Alfred Neufeld outlines a shared set of Anabaptist beliefs adopted by the MWC General Council.<br />
<br />
*Ott, Bernhard. ''God's Shalom Project. ''Intercourse, PA: Good Books, 2004.<br />
<br />
::''God's Shalom Project'' was the 2004 Mennonite World Conference Global Shelf Selection. In this work Ott encourages believers take their part within God's Shalom project.<br />
<br />
*Roth, Willard and Gerald E. Schlabach. ''Called Together to Be Peacemakers: Report of the International Dialogue between the Catholic Church and Mennonite World Conference, 1998-2003''. Kitchener, Ontario: Pandora Press, 2005.<br />
<br />
::This book discusses the dialogue that occurred between the Catholic Church and Mennonite World Conference from 1998-2003.<br />
<br />
*"Shared Convictions." Adopted by Mennonite World Conference General Council, Pasadena, California, 15 March 2006.<br />
<br />
::See ''Source Material'' section. This is a brief one page statement about Anabaptist related churches' shared convictions.<br />
<br />
*Snyder, Arnold C. ''Anabaptist Seed: Exploring the Historical Center of Anabaptist Teachings and Practices''. Intercourse, PA: Good Books; Kitchener, Ont.: Pandora Press, 2007.<br />
<br />
::In ''Anabaptist Seed'', commissioned by Mennonite World Conference, Arnold Snyder explores the history of Anabaptist teachings from foot washing to pacifism.<br />
<br />
*Tshimika, Pakisa and Tim Lind. ''Sharing Gifts in the Global Family of Faith''. Intercourse, PA: Good Books, 2003.<br />
<br />
::In ''Sharing Gifts in the Global Family of Faith'' Tshimika and Lind use the image of family to explore global Anabaptist identity. The authors suggest that Anabaptists should willingly and selflessly share their unique gifts with their global family members. Tshimika and Lind identify three common features of family: relatedness, accountability, and responsibility.<br />
<br />
*Various documents related to Mennonite World Conference and its proceedings.<br />
<br />
::The [http://www.goshen.edu/mhl/Home Mennonite Historical Library] (MHL) has numerous pamphlets and booklets that describe the proceedings of past world conferences, as well as collections of papers presented at several conferences.<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
[http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/ Mennonite World Conference Official Website] <br />
<br />
[http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/M4677ME.html/?searchterm=Mennonite%20World%20Conference Mennonite World Conference] on ''Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online''<br />
<br />
[http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=24&Itemid=37 Global Mennonite History Project]<br />
[[Category:Content]]<br />
<br />
==Citations==<br />
<references/></div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Template:MPB&diff=2286Template:MPB2010-02-20T16:36:28Z<p>Harms.Matt: </p>
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<div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em"><br />
[[Image:MWClogo.gif]]<br />
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[[Mennonite World Conference|Mennonite World Conference (MWC)]] is a global faith community in the Anabaptist tradition that links together Anabaptist-related churches and engages other world communions and organizations. Every six to seven years Mennonite and Brethren in Christ conferences and groups gather for a general assembly. <br />
<br />
In 2009 MWC included 227 organized Mennonite or Brethren in Christ conferences across 80 countries and six continents. Membership stood at 1,616,126, with 60% of members living in Africa, Asia, or Latin America. <br />
<br />
[[Mennonite World Conference|Read more...]]<br />
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[[Mennonite World Conference|Mennonite World Conference (MWC)]] is a global faith community in the Anabaptist tradition that links together Anabaptist-related churches and engages other world communions and organizations. Every six to seven years Mennonite and Brethren in Christ conferences and groups gather for a general assembly. <br />
<br />
In 2006 MWC included 227 organized Mennonite or Brethren in Christ conferences across 80 countries and six continents. Membership stood at 1,616,126, with 60% of members living in Africa, Asia, or Latin America. <br />
<br />
[[Mennonite World Conference|Read more...]]<br />
|align="left" width="50%" style="background-color:#F0F8FF; border-top:1px solid #ccc; border-right:1px solid #ccc; border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;padding:7px 7px 7px 7px;" valign="top"|<br />
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{| cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%" style="margin:4px 0 0 0;"<br />
|align="left" width="50%" style="background-color:#F0F8FF; border-top:1px solid #ccc; border-right:1px solid #ccc; border-bottom:1px solid #ccc; border-left:1px solid #ccc; padding:7px 7px 7px 7px;" valign="top"|<br />
<div style="margin:0;background:#cedff2;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3b0bf;text-align:left;color:#000;padding-left:0.4em;padding-top: 0.2em;padding-bottom:0.2em;">In the News</div><br />
{{{NewsStories}}}<br />
|}</div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Global_Anabaptist_Wiki&diff=2284Global Anabaptist Wiki2010-02-20T16:32:08Z<p>Harms.Matt: </p>
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<div>__NOTITLE__<br />
<!-- BANNER ACROSS TOP OF PAGE --><br />
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<div style="font-size:162%; border:none; margin:0; padding:.1em; color:#000;">Welcome to the [[:Anabaptistwiki:About|Global Anabaptist Wiki]]</div><br />
<div style="top:+0.2em; font-size:135%;">Sharing [[Stories]], Shaping Identity.</div><br />
<div id="articlecount" style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-size:85%;">[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] articles since May 2009</div><br />
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{{Languages}}<br />
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{| cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" style="background-color:#F0F8FF; border:1px solid #ccc; margin:4px 0 0 0;"<br />
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| align="left" width="100%" style="padding:7px 7px 7px 7px" |<br />
<div style="margin:0;background:#cedff2;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3b0bf;text-align:left;color:#000;padding-left:0.2em;padding-top: 0.2em;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-right: 0.0em">Who We Are</div><br />
<br />
The [[:Anabaptistwiki:About|'''Global Anabaptist Wiki''']] is an interactive community of Anabaptist-Mennonite groups from around the world. Initiated by the [http://www.goshen.edu/mhl Mennonite Historical Library] at [http://www.goshen.edu/ Goshen College], the site is committed to helping individual groups: 1) tell their own [[Anabaptistwiki:stories|story]]; 2) post and preserve electronic archives; and 3) become better informed about other groups in the global Anabaptist fellowship. Like all wiki-based projects, this is a collaborative venture that relies on the local expertise of many people. <br />
<br />
''[Please Note: This project is still in its early stages of construction. To explore updates, view our [[Special:NewPages | recently added pages]] or [[Special:RecentChanges | recent changes]]. Check back frequently to see what new material has been added!]''<br />
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{| cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" style="background-color:#F0F8FF; border:1px solid #ccc; margin:4px 0 0 0;"<br />
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<div style="margin:0;background:#cedff2;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3b0bf;text-align:left;color:#000;padding-left:0.2em;padding-top: 0.2em;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-right: 0.0em">[[Anabaptistwiki:Stories|Stories]]</div><br />
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In addition to including basic information about specific regions and Anabaptist-related groups, the Global Anabaptist Wiki is a place for collecting personal stories that highlight what it means to be an Anabaptist-Mennonite in your part of the world. You don't have to be an expert! Just contribute your own stories about your life as an Anabaptist or Mennonite in your own context.<br />
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* To learn more about stories on the Global Anabaptist Wiki read our [[Anabaptistwiki:Stories|about]] stories page.<br />
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* To contribute your own stories or read others' stories check out the [[Stories|stories]] page that lists stories by region.<br />
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* Or to see a list of all the stories on the Global Anabaptist Wiki browse through the stories [[:Category:Stories|category]] page.<br />
|}<br />
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{| cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" style="background-color:#F0F8FF; border:1px solid #ccc; margin:4px 0 0 0;"<br />
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<div style="margin:0;background:#cedff2;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3b0bf;text-align:left;color:#000;padding-left:0.2em;padding-top: 0.2em;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-right: 0.0em">[[Anabaptistwiki:Sources|Sources]]</div><br />
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We envision the Global Anabaptist Wiki to become a major site for primary sources related to the Anabaptist-Mennonite tradition: from the 16th century to the present and in a wide variety of languages. Please post any public domain sources you think might be of interest to other users of the Global Anabaptist Wiki. Our staff will help to sort and organize source material into appropriate categories as it is added. <br />
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* To learn about contributing sources, start at the [[Anabaptistwiki:Sources#Adding sources|about sources]] page.<br />
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* To view sources organized by region, check out the [[:Category:Sources|sources]] page.<br />
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|}<br />
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{| cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" style="background-color:#F0F8FF; border:1px solid #ccc; margin:4px 0 0 0;"<br />
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<div style="margin:0;background:#cedff2;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3b0bf;text-align:left;color:#000;padding-left:0.2em;padding-top: 0.2em;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-right: 0.0em">Getting Started</div><br />
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Take some time to explore where Anabaptist communities exist around the world by clicking on different regions of the world map below. Or if you'd rather, browse through the different [[Anabaptist Family|branches of the Anabaptist family tree]].<br />
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Image:World_Map_Edited_for_Front_Page_5.jpg|<br />
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poly 0 41 41 123 68 127 77 126 80 132 86 130 90 139 94 140 135 145 242 89 215 15 223 10 241 2 122 10 35 22 [[North America|United States and Canada]]<br />
poly 46 125 159 362 210 363 259 215 171 151 134 146 95 140 87 137 85 131 82 134 75 126 [[Caribbean, Central and South America|Caribbean, Central and South America]]<br />
poly 219 13 238 60 304 113 320 114 341 108 350 108 359 113 375 118 386 119 402 119 407 116 410 112 419 112 428 110 426 106 438 104 436 87 429 82 428 76 435 72 455 75 458 66 472 63 484 68 487 66 496 74 504 74 513 78 520 75 535 76 536 72 551 76 566 78 570 75 577 77 583 75 579 70 584 66 590 68 600 76 608 78 615 83 619 78 621 87 619 91 622 95 628 93 640 88 666 74 688 32 592 5 479 2 294 -1 245 2 [[Europe|Europe]]<br />
poly 300 119 276 171 358 317 476 317 473 178 436 179 428 169 410 136 406 124 362 116 350 109 333 110 316 114 [[Africa|Africa]]<br />
poly 406 127 431 177 480 176 554 326 719 347 779 245 654 85 637 90 630 99 623 96 617 92 620 87 618 82 613 84 585 68 581 78 571 78 558 77 553 77 538 71 538 76 530 78 526 76 519 81 503 76 498 76 485 67 481 68 471 64 459 67 457 71 460 74 453 76 436 73 430 80 435 86 441 89 439 93 441 105 437 107 434 106 429 109 422 112 410 113 [[Asia and Pacific|Asia and Pacific]]<br />
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{{MPB<br />
| FATitle= Jesus Village Church, South Korea<br />
| FAImage= <br />
| FABlurb='''Jesus Village Church''' '''(JVC) '''is one of two Anabaptist affiliated churches in South Korea. Unlike other global Anabaptist communities outside of Europe and North America, JVC is not the result of a mission plant. Rather, JVC began out three years of intensive study by Korean Christian professionals as they tried to rediscover the New Testament Church and implement it in a Korean context. These leaders felt that the Anabatist Church fit what they desired most closely, and in 1996 they started the JVC...<br />
<br />
[[Jesus Village Church, South Korea|Read more...]]<br />
| FVideoTitle= Menonitas de Chihuahua<br />
| FVideo= <youtube size="small">lSUh4GnuuMA</youtube><br />
| FVideoBlurb= A variety of different immigrant Mennonite groups live in the Chihuahua state in northern [[Mexico]]. Click on the links below to learn more about these groups.<br />
<br />
* [[Altkolonier Mennonitengemeinde, Mexico|Altkolonier Mennonitengemeinde (Old Colony Mennonites)]]<br />
<br />
* [[Iglesia de Dios en Cristo Menonita, Mexico|Iglesia de Dios en Cristo Menonita (Church of God in Christ, Mennonite)]]<br />
<br />
* [[Kleine Gemeinde, Mexico|Kleine Gemeinde (Small Colony Mennonites)]]<br />
<br />
* [[Sommerfelder Mennonitengemeinde, Mexico|Sommerfelder Mennonitengemeinde (Sommerfeld Mennonites)]]<br />
| NewsStories= *January 2010 [http://mcc.org/haitiearthquake Mennonite Central Committee's (MCC) Response to the Haiti Earthquake]<br />
<br />
* Oct. 8, 2009 - [http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=384:08-oct-2009-2009-new-global-map-locates-16-million-anabaptists&catid=28:news-releases-current&Itemid=108 Now 1.6 Million Anabaptists]<br />
<br />
* Oct. 30, 2009 - [http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=392:30-oct-2009-lutheran-statement-expresses-deep-regret-for-anabaptist-persecution&catid=28:news-releases-current&Itemid=108 Lutheran Statement Expresses Deep Regret for Anabaptist Persecution]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Other Resources==<br />
* Read more about the [[Anabaptistwiki:about|Global Anabaptist Wiki]] on the [[Anabaptistwiki:about|About Global Anabaptist Wiki Page]]<br />
<br />
* Consult the [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] or the [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] for information on using the wiki software.</div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Asia_and_Pacific&diff=2283Asia and Pacific2010-02-20T16:26:51Z<p>Harms.Matt: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages}}<br />
[[Category:Regions]]<br />
{{Infobox<br />
|Box title = Asia and Pacific<br />
|image = Image:Asia-Pacific_map3.PNG<br />
|imagewidth = 300<br />
|caption = Asia and Pacific: Wikimedia Commons, 2009<br />
|Row 1 title = Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups Formally Associated with [[Mennonite World Conference|MWC]]<br />
|Row 1 info = <center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
15 (2009)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
</center><br />
}}<br />
<br />
In '''Asia and the Pacific''' there are 15 countries with Anabaptist-related groups officially associated with [[Mennonite World Conference|Mennonite World Conference (MWC)]], as well as other Anabaptist-related groups still not officially attached to [[Mennonite World Conference|MWC]].<ref>"2009 [[Mennonite World Conference]] Directory for Asia and the Pacific," ''[[Mennonite World Conference]]''. http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13&Itemid=16 (accessed 20 February 2010).</ref> The Anabaptist presence in Asia has grown in a variety of different ways. The first Anabaptists in Asia were Dutch Mennonites from the Netherlands who established a missionary presence on the Indonesia islands Java and Sumatra in 1851.<ref>Harold S. Bender, "Asia (1955)," ''Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online'', 1955, http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/asia (accessed 6 July 2009).</ref> In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries Mennonite groups began missionary work in India and China, and from the 1940s on Mennonite relief workers volunteered throughout Asia.<ref>Ibid.</ref> An Anabaptist presence also grew in Asiatic Russia beginning in the late 1800s as Russian Mennonite groups emigrated from eastern Russia.<ref>Ibid.</ref> In the latter half of the twentieth century autonomous Anabaptist groups began to develop relatively free of North American or European missionary influence as individuals in several countries in Asia and the Pacific became interested in applying Anabaptist theology to their own distinct contexts.<br />
<br />
The Anabaptist presence in Asia and the Pacific reflects the broader global trend of large growth in the Anabaptist church outside of the [[Europe]] and [[North America (United States and Canada)|North America]]. In 1950 the Anabaptist population in Asia was less than 45,000, but by 2009 that number had risen to over 265,000.<ref>Ibid.</ref><br />
<br />
==Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups==<br />
In 2009 there were 15 countries in Asia and the Pacific with Anabaptist groups officially associated with [[Mennonite World Conference]], as well as other countries with Anabaptist groups without official membership in [[Mennonite World Conference]].<br />
{|cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0"<br />
|style="vertical-align: top"| <br />
* [[Australia]]<br />
* [[Cambodia]]<br />
* [[China/Hong Kong]]<br />
* [[India]]<br />
* [[Indonesia]]<br />
* [[Japan]]<br />
* [[Kazakhstan]]<br />
* [[Kyrgyzstan]]<br />
|style="vertical-align: top"| <br />
* [[Myanmar]]<br />
* [[Nepal]]<br />
* [[Philippines]]<br />
* [[Singapore]]<br />
* [[South Korea]]<br />
* [[Taiwan]]<br />
* [[Thailand]]<br />
* [[Vietnam]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Other Regions==<br />
''Click on the links below to learn about Anabaptist-related groups in other parts of the world'': <br />
<br />
* [[Africa]]<br />
* [[Caribbean, Central and South America]]<br />
* [[Europe]]<br />
* [[North America (United States and Canada)]]<br />
<br />
==Electronic Resources==<br />
* [[Media:World_Membership_summary.doc|2009 Mennonite and Brethren in Christ World Membership]]<br />
* [[Media:Asia_&_Pacific_Summary.doc|2009 Mennonite World Conference Directory for Asia and the Pacific]]<br />
* [[Media:2006mbictotal.pdf|2006 Mennonite and Brethren in Christ World Membership]]<br />
* [[Media:2006asiapacific.pdf|2006 Mennonite World Conference Directory for Asia and the Pacific]]<br />
<br />
==Annotated Bibliography==<br />
* Bender, Harold S. "Asia (1955)." ''Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online''. 1955. http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/asia (accessed 6 July 2009).<br />
<br />
::While dated, this encyclopedic article on the ''[http://www.gameo.org/ Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online]'' offers basic information about the early Mennonite presence in Asia. Additionally, the article includes a table of 2006 [[Mennonite World Conference|MWC]] Asia and Pacific membership numbers.<br />
<br />
==Archives and Libraries==<br />
*[http://www.goshen.edu/mhl/Home Mennonite Historical Library (MHL)]<br />
<br />
::The MHL is a research level library located on [http://www.goshen.edu/ Goshen College's] campus in Goshen, Indiana that collects bibliographies, texts and images on topics related to the Radical Reformation, the Anabaptists, Hutterites, Mennonites, Amish and various related groups. The MHL has many resources on Mennonite groups in the Caribbean, Central and South America. To contact the MHL email mhl@goshen.edu or call (574) 535-7418.<br />
<br />
*There are many archives and libraries throughout Asia and the Pacific relating to specific countries or Anabaptist related groups. To learn more about these archives and libraries click on the [[#Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups|country links]] above.<br />
[[Category:Regions]]<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
[http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/asia Asia] on ''Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online''<br />
<br />
==Citations==<br />
<references/></div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Asia_%26_Pacific_Summary.doc&diff=2282File:Asia & Pacific Summary.doc2010-02-20T16:23:47Z<p>Harms.Matt: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Asia_and_Pacific&diff=2281Asia and Pacific2010-02-20T16:22:54Z<p>Harms.Matt: /* Electronic Resources */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages}}<br />
[[Category:Regions]]<br />
{{Infobox<br />
|Box title = Asia and Pacific<br />
|image = Image:Asia-Pacific_map3.PNG<br />
|imagewidth = 300<br />
|caption = Asia and Pacific: Wikimedia Commons, 2009<br />
|Row 1 title = Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups Formally Associated with [[Mennonite World Conference|MWC]]<br />
|Row 1 info = <center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
14 (2006)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
</center><br />
}}<br />
<br />
In '''Asia and the Pacific''' there are 14 countries with Anabaptist-related groups officially associated with [[Mennonite World Conference|Mennonite World Conference (MWC)]], as well as other Anabaptist-related groups still not officially attached to [[Mennonite World Conference|MWC]].<ref>"2006 [[Mennonite World Conference]] Directory for Asia and the Pacific," ''[[Mennonite World Conference]]''. http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13&Itemid=16 (accessed 22 June 2009).</ref> The Anabaptist presence in Asia has grown in a variety of different ways. The first Anabaptists in Asia were Dutch Mennonites from the Netherlands who established a missionary presence on the Indonesia islands Java and Sumatra in 1851.<ref>Harold S. Bender, "Asia (1955)," ''Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online'', 1955, http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/asia (accessed 6 July 2009).</ref> In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries Mennonite groups began missionary work in India and China, and from the 1940s on Mennonite relief workers volunteered throughout Asia.<ref>Ibid.</ref> An Anabaptist presence also grew in Asiatic Russia beginning in the late 1800s as Russian Mennonite groups emigrated from eastern Russia.<ref>Ibid.</ref> In the latter half of the twentieth century autonomous Anabaptist groups began to develop relatively free of North American or European missionary influence as individuals in several countries in Asia and the Pacific became interested in applying Anabaptist theology to their own distinct contexts.<br />
<br />
The Anabaptist presence in Asia and the Pacific reflects the broader global trend of large growth in the Anabaptist church outside of the [[Europe]] and [[North America (United States and Canada)|North America]]. In 1950 the Anabaptist population in Asia was less than 45,000, but by 2006 that number had risen to over 240,000.<ref>Ibid.</ref><br />
<br />
==Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups==<br />
In 2006 there were 14 countries in Asia and the Pacific with Anabaptist groups officially associated with [[Mennonite World Conference]], as well as other countries with Anabaptist groups without official membership in [[Mennonite World Conference]].<br />
{|cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0"<br />
|style="vertical-align: top"| <br />
* [[Australia]]<br />
* [[Cambodia]]<br />
* [[China/Hong Kong]]<br />
* [[India]]<br />
* [[Indonesia]]<br />
* [[Japan]]<br />
* [[Kazakhstan]]<br />
* [[Kyrgyzstan]]<br />
|style="vertical-align: top"| <br />
* [[Nepal]]<br />
* [[Philippines]]<br />
* [[Singapore]]<br />
* [[South Korea]]<br />
* [[Taiwan]]<br />
* [[Thailand]]<br />
* [[Vietnam]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Other Regions==<br />
''Click on the links below to learn about Anabaptist-related groups in other parts of the world'': <br />
<br />
* [[Africa]]<br />
* [[Caribbean, Central and South America]]<br />
* [[Europe]]<br />
* [[North America (United States and Canada)]]<br />
<br />
==Electronic Resources==<br />
* [[Media:World_Membership_summary.doc|2009 Mennonite and Brethren in Christ World Membership]]<br />
* [[Media:Asia_&_Pacific_Summary.doc|2009 Mennonite World Conference Directory for Asia and the Pacific]]<br />
* [[Media:2006mbictotal.pdf|2006 Mennonite and Brethren in Christ World Membership]]<br />
* [[Media:2006asiapacific.pdf|2006 Mennonite World Conference Directory for Asia and the Pacific]]<br />
<br />
==Annotated Bibliography==<br />
* Bender, Harold S. "Asia (1955)." ''Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online''. 1955. http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/asia (accessed 6 July 2009).<br />
<br />
::While dated, this encyclopedic article on the ''[http://www.gameo.org/ Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online]'' offers basic information about the early Mennonite presence in Asia. Additionally, the article includes a table of 2006 [[Mennonite World Conference|MWC]] Asia and Pacific membership numbers.<br />
<br />
==Archives and Libraries==<br />
*[http://www.goshen.edu/mhl/Home Mennonite Historical Library (MHL)]<br />
<br />
::The MHL is a research level library located on [http://www.goshen.edu/ Goshen College's] campus in Goshen, Indiana that collects bibliographies, texts and images on topics related to the Radical Reformation, the Anabaptists, Hutterites, Mennonites, Amish and various related groups. The MHL has many resources on Mennonite groups in the Caribbean, Central and South America. To contact the MHL email mhl@goshen.edu or call (574) 535-7418.<br />
<br />
*There are many archives and libraries throughout Asia and the Pacific relating to specific countries or Anabaptist related groups. To learn more about these archives and libraries click on the [[#Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups|country links]] above.<br />
[[Category:Regions]]<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
[http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/asia Asia] on ''Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online''<br />
<br />
==Citations==<br />
<references/></div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Africa_Summary.doc&diff=2280File:Africa Summary.doc2010-02-20T16:17:58Z<p>Harms.Matt: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Africa&diff=2279Africa2010-02-20T16:17:04Z<p>Harms.Matt: /* Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages}}<br />
[[Category:Regions]]<br />
{{Infobox<br />
|Box title = Africa<br />
|image = Image:Africa_map_blank.png<br />
|imagewidth = 300<br />
|caption = Africa: Wikimedia Commons, 2008<br />
|Row 1 title = Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups Formally Associated with [[Mennonite World Conference|MWC]] (2009)<br />
|Row 1 info = <center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
21<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
</center><br />
}}<br />
<br />
In '''Africa''' there are (2006) 21 countries with Anabaptist-related groups officially associated with [[Mennonite World Conference]].<ref>"2009 Mennonite World Conference Directory for Africa," ''[[Mennonite World Conference]]''. http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13&Itemid=16 (accessed 20 February 2010).</ref> The Anabaptist presence in Africa is largely the result of North American Mennonite missionary efforts in the continent that began as early as the 1890s, and in the 20th century grew at an astounding rate. Before 1900 only one Anabaptist congregation existed in Africa with only several dozen members.<ref>Lapp, John A. and Snyder, C. Arnold, ''Anabaptist Songs in African Hearts'' (Intercourse, PA: Good Books, 2006), vii.</ref> In 2000 the Anabaptist population in Africa had risen to 405,979.<ref>"2000 Mennonite & Brethren in Christ World Membership," ''[[Mennonite World Conference]]'', http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/PDF-PPT/2000mbictotal.html (accessed 22 June 2009),</ref> The number of [[Mennonite-Related Groups|Mennonite]] and [[Brethren in Christ]] Churches grew to 529,703 by 2006,<ref>"2006 Mennonite & Brethren in Christ World Membership," ''[[Mennonite World Conference]]'', http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13&Itemid=16 (accessed 22 June 2009).</ref>, and increased to 592,106 by 2009.<ref>"2009 Mennonite & Brethren in Christ World Membership," ''[[Mennonite World Conference]]'', http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13&Itemid=16 (accessed 20 February 2010).</ref> Mennonites are also strengthening relationships with [[African Initiated (Independent) Churches|African Initiated Churches]], a growing Christian indigenous phenomenon in the continent. The [[Mennonite-Related Groups|Mennonite]] and [[Brethren in Christ]] Churches in Africa will continue to grow in coming years as the global Anabaptist fellowship continues to become more centralized in the global south.<br />
<br />
==Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups==<br />
{|cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0"<br />
|style="vertical-align: top"|<br />
* [[Angola]]<br />
* [[Benin]]<br />
* [[Botswana]]<br />
* [[Burkina Faso]]<br />
* [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]<br />
* [[Eritrea]]<br />
* [[Ethiopia]]<br />
* [[Gambia]]<nowiki>*</nowiki><br />
* [[Ghana]]<br />
* [[Guinea]]<nowiki>*</nowiki><br />
* [[Ivory Coast]]<br />
* [[Kenya]]<br />
|style="vertical-align: top"|<br />
* [[Malawi]]<br />
* [[Mozambique]]<br />
* [[Namibia]]<br />
* [[Nigeria]]<br />
* [[Republic of the Congo]]<br />
* [[Senegal]]<nowiki>*</nowiki><br />
* [[South Africa]]<br />
* [[Tanzania]]<br />
* [[The Gambia]]<br />
* [[Togo]]<br />
* [[Zambia]]<br />
* [[Zimbabwe]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<nowiki>*</nowiki> In 2009 one unified conference, the [[Mennonite Church West Africa]], operated in these three countries with 45 total members.<ref>"2009 Mennonite World Conference Directory for Africa," ''[[Mennonite World Conference]]'', http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13&Itemid=16 (accessed 20 February 2010).</ref><br />
<br />
==Other Regions==<br />
''Click on the links below to learn about Anabaptist-related groups in other parts of the world'':<br />
<br />
* [[Asia and Pacific]]<br />
* [[Caribbean, Central and South America]]<br />
* [[Europe]]<br />
* [[North America (United States and Canada)]]<br />
<br />
==Electronic Resources==<br />
*[[Media:World_Membership_summary.doc|2009 Mennonite and Brethren in Christ World Membership]]<br />
*[[Media:Africa_Summary.doc|2009 Mennonite World Conference Directory for Africa]]<br />
<br />
==Annotated Bibliography==<br />
* Gingerich, Melvin, Enns-Rempel, Kevin Enns-Rempel and Bertsche, James E. Bertsche. "Africa." ''Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online''. 1987. http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/A35.html (accessed 3 July 2009).<br />
<br />
::This encyclopedic article on the ''Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online'' gives a brief overview of the Anabaptist presence in Africa. While dated, the article outlines some of the early North American missionary efforts in Africa and the growth of Africa Anabaptist congregations and conferences.<br />
<br />
* Lapp, John A. and Snyder, C. Arnold. "Anabaptist Songs in African Hearts." Intercourse, PA: Good Books, 2006.<br />
<br />
::''Anabaptist Songs in African Hearts'' is part of [[Mennonite World Conference|Mennonite World Conference's]] [http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=24&Itemid=37 Global Mennonite History Project] and is a compilation of articles about several different Anabaptist-related groups in Africa. The book is organized geographically and has chapters on Central, Eastern, Southern, and Western Africa. In addition, this volume of the [http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=24&Itemid=37 Global Mennonite History Project] contains a chapter on the African context and a brief introduction to Mennonite and Brethren in Christ Churches in Africa.<br />
<br />
==Archives and Libraries==<br />
*[http://www.goshen.edu/mhl/Home Mennonite Historical Library (MHL)]<br />
<br />
::The MHL is a research level library located on [http://www.goshen.edu/ Goshen College's] campus in Goshen, Indiana that collects bibliographies, texts and images on topics related to the Radical Reformation, the Anabaptists, Hutterites, Mennonites, Amish and various related groups. The MHL has many resources on Mennonite groups in the Caribbean, Central and South America. To contact the MHL email mhl@goshen.edu or call (574) 535-7418.<br />
<br />
* There are many archives and libraries throughout Africa relating to specific countries or Anabaptist related groups. To learn more about these archives and libraries click on the [[#Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups|country links]] above.<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
[http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/A35.html/ Africa] on ''Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online''<br />
<br />
==Citations==<br />
<references/></div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Africa&diff=2278Africa2010-02-20T16:16:15Z<p>Harms.Matt: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages}}<br />
[[Category:Regions]]<br />
{{Infobox<br />
|Box title = Africa<br />
|image = Image:Africa_map_blank.png<br />
|imagewidth = 300<br />
|caption = Africa: Wikimedia Commons, 2008<br />
|Row 1 title = Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups Formally Associated with [[Mennonite World Conference|MWC]] (2009)<br />
|Row 1 info = <center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
21<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
</center><br />
}}<br />
<br />
In '''Africa''' there are (2006) 21 countries with Anabaptist-related groups officially associated with [[Mennonite World Conference]].<ref>"2009 Mennonite World Conference Directory for Africa," ''[[Mennonite World Conference]]''. http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13&Itemid=16 (accessed 20 February 2010).</ref> The Anabaptist presence in Africa is largely the result of North American Mennonite missionary efforts in the continent that began as early as the 1890s, and in the 20th century grew at an astounding rate. Before 1900 only one Anabaptist congregation existed in Africa with only several dozen members.<ref>Lapp, John A. and Snyder, C. Arnold, ''Anabaptist Songs in African Hearts'' (Intercourse, PA: Good Books, 2006), vii.</ref> In 2000 the Anabaptist population in Africa had risen to 405,979.<ref>"2000 Mennonite & Brethren in Christ World Membership," ''[[Mennonite World Conference]]'', http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/PDF-PPT/2000mbictotal.html (accessed 22 June 2009),</ref> The number of [[Mennonite-Related Groups|Mennonite]] and [[Brethren in Christ]] Churches grew to 529,703 by 2006,<ref>"2006 Mennonite & Brethren in Christ World Membership," ''[[Mennonite World Conference]]'', http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13&Itemid=16 (accessed 22 June 2009).</ref>, and increased to 592,106 by 2009.<ref>"2009 Mennonite & Brethren in Christ World Membership," ''[[Mennonite World Conference]]'', http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13&Itemid=16 (accessed 20 February 2010).</ref> Mennonites are also strengthening relationships with [[African Initiated (Independent) Churches|African Initiated Churches]], a growing Christian indigenous phenomenon in the continent. The [[Mennonite-Related Groups|Mennonite]] and [[Brethren in Christ]] Churches in Africa will continue to grow in coming years as the global Anabaptist fellowship continues to become more centralized in the global south.<br />
<br />
==Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups==<br />
{|cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0"<br />
|style="vertical-align: top"|<br />
* [[Angola]]<br />
* [[Benin]]<br />
* [[Botswana]]<br />
* [[Burkina Faso]]<br />
* [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]<br />
* [[Eritrea]]<br />
* [[Ethiopia]]<br />
* [[Gambia]]<nowiki>*</nowiki><br />
* [[Ghana]]<br />
* [[Guinea]]<nowiki>*</nowiki><br />
* [[Ivory Coast]]<br />
* [[Kenya]]<br />
|style="vertical-align: top"|<br />
* [[Malawi]]<br />
* [[Mozambique]]<br />
* [[Namibia]]<br />
* [[Nigeria]]<br />
* [[Republic of the Congo]]<br />
* [[Senegal]]<nowiki>*</nowiki><br />
* [[South Africa]]<br />
* [[Tanzania]]<br />
* [[The Gambia]]<br />
* [[Togo]]<br />
* [[Zambia]]<br />
* [[Zimbabwe]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<nowiki>*</nowiki> In 2009 one unified conference, the Mennonite Church West Africa, operated in these three countries with 45 total members.<ref>"2009 Mennonite World Conference Directory for Africa," ''[[Mennonite World Conference]]'', http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13&Itemid=16 (accessed 20 February 2010).</ref><br />
==Other Regions==<br />
''Click on the links below to learn about Anabaptist-related groups in other parts of the world'':<br />
<br />
* [[Asia and Pacific]]<br />
* [[Caribbean, Central and South America]]<br />
* [[Europe]]<br />
* [[North America (United States and Canada)]]<br />
<br />
==Electronic Resources==<br />
*[[Media:World_Membership_summary.doc|2009 Mennonite and Brethren in Christ World Membership]]<br />
*[[Media:Africa_Summary.doc|2009 Mennonite World Conference Directory for Africa]]<br />
<br />
==Annotated Bibliography==<br />
* Gingerich, Melvin, Enns-Rempel, Kevin Enns-Rempel and Bertsche, James E. Bertsche. "Africa." ''Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online''. 1987. http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/A35.html (accessed 3 July 2009).<br />
<br />
::This encyclopedic article on the ''Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online'' gives a brief overview of the Anabaptist presence in Africa. While dated, the article outlines some of the early North American missionary efforts in Africa and the growth of Africa Anabaptist congregations and conferences.<br />
<br />
* Lapp, John A. and Snyder, C. Arnold. "Anabaptist Songs in African Hearts." Intercourse, PA: Good Books, 2006.<br />
<br />
::''Anabaptist Songs in African Hearts'' is part of [[Mennonite World Conference|Mennonite World Conference's]] [http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=24&Itemid=37 Global Mennonite History Project] and is a compilation of articles about several different Anabaptist-related groups in Africa. The book is organized geographically and has chapters on Central, Eastern, Southern, and Western Africa. In addition, this volume of the [http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=24&Itemid=37 Global Mennonite History Project] contains a chapter on the African context and a brief introduction to Mennonite and Brethren in Christ Churches in Africa.<br />
<br />
==Archives and Libraries==<br />
*[http://www.goshen.edu/mhl/Home Mennonite Historical Library (MHL)]<br />
<br />
::The MHL is a research level library located on [http://www.goshen.edu/ Goshen College's] campus in Goshen, Indiana that collects bibliographies, texts and images on topics related to the Radical Reformation, the Anabaptists, Hutterites, Mennonites, Amish and various related groups. The MHL has many resources on Mennonite groups in the Caribbean, Central and South America. To contact the MHL email mhl@goshen.edu or call (574) 535-7418.<br />
<br />
* There are many archives and libraries throughout Africa relating to specific countries or Anabaptist related groups. To learn more about these archives and libraries click on the [[#Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups|country links]] above.<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
[http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/A35.html/ Africa] on ''Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online''<br />
<br />
==Citations==<br />
<references/></div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Africa&diff=2277Africa2010-02-20T16:04:19Z<p>Harms.Matt: /* Electronic Resources */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages}}<br />
[[Category:Regions]]<br />
{{Infobox<br />
|Box title = Africa<br />
|image = Image:Africa_map_blank.png<br />
|imagewidth = 300<br />
|caption = Africa: Wikimedia Commons, 2008<br />
|Row 1 title = Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups Formally Associated with [[Mennonite World Conference|MWC]]<br />
|Row 1 info = <center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
19<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
</center><br />
}}<br />
<br />
In '''Africa''' there are (2006) 19 countries with Anabaptist-related groups officially associated with [[Mennonite World Conference]].<ref>"2006 Mennonite World Conference Directory for Africa," ''[[Mennonite World Conference]]''. http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13&Itemid=16 (accessed 22 June 2009).</ref> The Anabaptist presence in Africa is largely the result of North American Mennonite missionary efforts in the continent that began as early as the 1890s, and in the 20th century grew at an astounding rate. Before 1900 only one Anabaptist congregation existed in Africa with only several dozen members.<ref>Lapp, John A. and Snyder, C. Arnold, ''Anabaptist Songs in African Hearts'' (Intercourse, PA: Good Books, 2006), vii.</ref> By 2000 the Anabaptist population in Africa had risen to 405,979.<ref>"2000 Mennonite & Brethren in Christ World Membership," ''[[Mennonite World Conference]]'', http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/PDF-PPT/2000mbictotal.html (accessed 22 June 2009),</ref> And by 2006 the number of [[Mennonite-Related Groups|Mennonite]] and [[Brethren in Christ]] Churches had grown to 529,703.<ref>"2006 Mennonite & Brethren in Christ World Membership," ''[[Mennonite World Conference]]'', http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13&Itemid=16 (accessed 22 June 2009).</ref> Mennonites are also strengthening relationships with [[African Initiated (Independent) Churches|African Initiated Churches]], a growing Christian indigenous phenomenon in the continent. The [[Mennonite-Related Groups|Mennonite]] and [[Brethren in Christ]] Churches in Africa will continue to grow in coming years as the global Anabaptist fellowship continues to become more centralized in the global south.<br />
<br />
==Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups==<br />
{|cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0"<br />
|style="vertical-align: top"|<br />
* [[Angola]]<br />
* [[Benin]]<br />
* [[Botswana]]<br />
* [[Burkina Faso]]<br />
* [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]<br />
* [[Ethiopia]]<br />
* [[Ghana]]<br />
* [[Ivory Coast]]<br />
* [[Kenya]]<br />
* [[Malawi]]<br />
|style="vertical-align: top"|<br />
* [[Mozambique]]<br />
* [[Namibia]]<br />
* [[Nigeria]]<br />
* [[Republic of the Congo]]<br />
* [[Senegal]]<br />
* [[South Africa]]<br />
* [[Tanzania]]<br />
* [[The Gambia]]<br />
* [[Togo]]<br />
* [[Zambia]]<br />
* [[Zimbabwe]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Other Regions==<br />
''Click on the links below to learn about Anabaptist-related groups in other parts of the world'':<br />
<br />
* [[Asia and Pacific]]<br />
* [[Caribbean, Central and South America]]<br />
* [[Europe]]<br />
* [[North America (United States and Canada)]]<br />
<br />
==Electronic Resources==<br />
*[[Media:World_Membership_summary.doc|2009 Mennonite and Brethren in Christ World Membership]]<br />
*[[Media:Africa_Summary.doc|2009 Mennonite World Conference Directory for Africa]]<br />
<br />
==Annotated Bibliography==<br />
* Gingerich, Melvin, Enns-Rempel, Kevin Enns-Rempel and Bertsche, James E. Bertsche. "Africa." ''Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online''. 1987. http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/A35.html (accessed 3 July 2009).<br />
<br />
::This encyclopedic article on the ''Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online'' gives a brief overview of the Anabaptist presence in Africa. While dated, the article outlines some of the early North American missionary efforts in Africa and the growth of Africa Anabaptist congregations and conferences.<br />
<br />
* Lapp, John A. and Snyder, C. Arnold. "Anabaptist Songs in African Hearts." Intercourse, PA: Good Books, 2006.<br />
<br />
::''Anabaptist Songs in African Hearts'' is part of [[Mennonite World Conference|Mennonite World Conference's]] [http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=24&Itemid=37 Global Mennonite History Project] and is a compilation of articles about several different Anabaptist-related groups in Africa. The book is organized geographically and has chapters on Central, Eastern, Southern, and Western Africa. In addition, this volume of the [http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=24&Itemid=37 Global Mennonite History Project] contains a chapter on the African context and a brief introduction to Mennonite and Brethren in Christ Churches in Africa.<br />
<br />
==Archives and Libraries==<br />
*[http://www.goshen.edu/mhl/Home Mennonite Historical Library (MHL)]<br />
<br />
::The MHL is a research level library located on [http://www.goshen.edu/ Goshen College's] campus in Goshen, Indiana that collects bibliographies, texts and images on topics related to the Radical Reformation, the Anabaptists, Hutterites, Mennonites, Amish and various related groups. The MHL has many resources on Mennonite groups in the Caribbean, Central and South America. To contact the MHL email mhl@goshen.edu or call (574) 535-7418.<br />
<br />
* There are many archives and libraries throughout Africa relating to specific countries or Anabaptist related groups. To learn more about these archives and libraries click on the [[#Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups|country links]] above.<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
[http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/A35.html/ Africa] on ''Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online''<br />
<br />
==Citations==<br />
<references/></div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Europe&diff=2276Europe2010-02-20T16:02:39Z<p>Harms.Matt: /* Electronic Resources */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages}}<br />
[[Category:Regions]]<br />
{{Infobox<br />
|Box title = Europe<br />
|image = Image:Europe Map.gif<br />
|imagewidth = 300<br />
|caption = Europe: Wikimedia Commons, 2009<br />
|Row 1 title = Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups Formally Associated with [[Mennonite World Conference|MWC]] (2009)<br />
|Row 1 info = <center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
16<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
</center><br />
}}<br />
'''Europe''' is the birthplace of the Anabaptist movement. The Anabaptist church arose within the context of the Reformation in Europe. Huldrych Zwingli sowed the seeds of the Anabaptist movement in Zurich, Switzerland when he became the pastor of the Grossmünster in Zurich in 1519 and brought the Reformation movement to the town. He conducted Bible studies for individuals who could read both the Old and the New Testament in their original languages, and at these Bible studies were key individuals, like Conrad Grebel, Felix Mantz, and Adreas Catelberger who would go onto start the Anabaptist movement in Zurich. Soon after Zwingli had begun to reform the Church in Zurich, tension arose within his group about the extent of his reform efforts. Zwingli was hesitant to push for changes in the church without the approval of the conservative city council, while some of his students, like Grebel and Mantz wanted to push complete reform according to the biblical text that would include, among other things, voluntary membership through adult baptism. After public disputations between Zwingli and his more radical students in March and October of 1523, Grebel and his friends decided split from the existing church and begin their own movement. On January 21, 1525 in Felix Manz's house the Grebel and his circle conducted the first adult baptism.<ref>Diether Götz Lichdi, "An Overview of Anabaptist-Mennonite History, 1525-1800," in ''Testing Faith and Tradition'', ed. John A. Lapp and C. Arnold Snyder (Intercourse, PA: Good Books, 2006), 6-10.</ref><br />
<br />
The fledgling movement experienced intense persecution from government authorities and many of the early leaders of the movement were martyred. Within this context early Anabaptist leaders met in Schleitheim, Switzerland to unify themselves with a confession. The resulting Schleitheim Confession affirmed a "Free Church" free from governmental influence that would remain separate from the world and live according to a biblical ethic that denounced, among other things, violence and the oath. These Swiss Brethren continued to grow despite intense persecution.<ref>Ibid., 11-12.</ref><br />
<br />
In the Netherlands, the Anabaptist movement began in the 1530s. After a disastrous apocalyptic Anabaptist experiment in Münster, the Mennonite Church began when a former Catholic priest, Menno Simons, was re-baptized in 1537 and guided the Anabaptist movement in the Netherlands until his death in 1561. Eventually, in 1579 the Union of Utrecht guaranteed free religious expression, and Mennonites began to enjoy a more prominent role in public life. They soon became well known professionals and artisans. By the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries they were prominent business people at the top of their industries.<ref>Ibid., 12-16, 25.</ref> <br />
<br />
Another Anabaptist group that began in sixteenth century Europe was the Hutterites. In 1529, Jacob Hutter, an Anabaptist from South Tyrol, fled to Moravia. There he encountered Anabaptists who shared community goods. Hutter was impressed by the group and joined a campaign to persuade fellow Anabaptists to emigrate from Switzerland to Moravia. The Hutterites thrived from 1560-1590 in Moravia, and today (2009) their communities exist around the world.<ref>Ibid., 17.</ref><br />
<br />
The Anabaptist movement that began in Europe spawned many different Anabaptist groups that spread throughout Europe and eventually to Russia, North America, and the rest of the world. Despite the Anabaptist movement's birth in Europe, however, the Anabaptist church in Europe has slowly declined in recent years. In 2000 there were only 57,921 members of Anabaptist-related churches in Europe, and by 2006 that number had fallen to 52,222.<ref>"2006 Mennonite and Brethren in Christ World Membership," ''[[Mennonite World Conference]]'', http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13&Itemid=16 (accessed 6 July 2009).</ref> By 2009, however, that number had rebounded to 64,740.<ref>"2009 Mennonite and Brethren in Christ World Membership," ''[[Mennonite World Conference]]'', http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13&Itemid=16 (accessed 20 February 2010).</ref><br />
==Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups==<br />
In 2009 there were 16 countries in Europe with Anabaptist-related groups officially associated with [[Mennonite World Conference]].<br />
<br />
{|{|cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0"<br />
|style="vertical-align: top"| <br />
* [[Austria]]<br />
* [[Belgium]]<br />
* [[France]]<br />
* [[Germany]]<br />
* [[Ireland]]<br />
* [[Italy]]<br />
* [[Lithuania]]<br />
* [[Luxembourg]]<ref>While the Association Mennonite Luxembourgeoise was listed in the 2006 [[Mennonite World Conference]] directory, no Anabatist-related groups from Luxembourg were listed in the 2009 [[Mennonite World Conference]] directory.</ref><br />
* [[Netherlands]]<br />
|style="vertical-align: top"| <br />
* [[Portugal]]<br />
* [[Republic of Moldova]]<br />
* [[Romania]]<br />
* [[Russia]]<br />
* [[Spain]]<br />
* [[Switzerland]]<br />
* [[Ukraine]]<br />
* [[United Kingdom]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Other Regions==<br />
''Click on the links below to learn about Anabaptist-related groups in other parts of the world'': <br />
<br />
* [[Africa]]<br />
* [[Asia and Pacific]]<br />
* [[Caribbean, Central and South America]]<br />
* [[North America (United States and Canada)]]<br />
==Electronic Resources==<br />
*[[Media:World_Membership_summary.doc|2009 Mennonite and Brethren in Christ World Membership]]<br />
*[[Media:Europe_Summary.doc|2009 Mennonite World Conference Directory for Europe]]<br />
*[[Media:2006mbictotal.pdf|2006 Mennonite and Brethren in Christ World Membership]]<br />
<br />
*[[Media:2006europe.pdf|2006 Mennonite World Conference Directory for Europe]]<br />
<br />
==Annotated Bibliography==<br />
* Lapp, John A. and Snyder, C. Arnold. ''Testing Faith and Tradition''. Intercourse, PA: Good Books, 2006.<br />
<br />
::''Testing Faith and Tradition'', edited by John A. Lapp and C. Arnold Snyder, is part of [[Mennonite World Conference|Mennonite World Conference's]] [http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=24&Itemid=37 Global Mennonite History Project]. The book is a compilation of essays that discuss the history of several Anabaptist-related groups in Europe from 1850 to the present. The book contains articles on Mennonites in the Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland, France, Russia, as well as chapters on Anabaptist-Mennonite history in Europe from 1525-1800 and mission efforts in Europe.<br />
<br />
==Archives and Libraries==<br />
*[http://www.goshen.edu/mhl/Home Mennonite Historical Library (MHL)]<br />
<br />
::The MHL is a research level library located on [http://www.goshen.edu/ Goshen College's] campus in Goshen, Indiana that collects bibliographies, texts and images on topics related to the Radical Reformation, the Anabaptists, Hutterites, Mennonites, Amish and various related groups. The MHL has many resources on Mennonite groups in the Caribbean, Central and South America. To contact the MHL email mhl@goshen.edu or call (574) 535-7418.<br />
<br />
*There are many archives and libraries throughout Europe relating to specific countries or Anabaptist related groups. To learn more about these archives and libraries click on the [[#Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups|country links]] above.<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
[http://www.gameo.org Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia]<br />
<br />
==Citations==<br />
<references/></div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Europe&diff=2275Europe2010-02-20T15:59:10Z<p>Harms.Matt: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages}}<br />
[[Category:Regions]]<br />
{{Infobox<br />
|Box title = Europe<br />
|image = Image:Europe Map.gif<br />
|imagewidth = 300<br />
|caption = Europe: Wikimedia Commons, 2009<br />
|Row 1 title = Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups Formally Associated with [[Mennonite World Conference|MWC]] (2009)<br />
|Row 1 info = <center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
16<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
</center><br />
}}<br />
'''Europe''' is the birthplace of the Anabaptist movement. The Anabaptist church arose within the context of the Reformation in Europe. Huldrych Zwingli sowed the seeds of the Anabaptist movement in Zurich, Switzerland when he became the pastor of the Grossmünster in Zurich in 1519 and brought the Reformation movement to the town. He conducted Bible studies for individuals who could read both the Old and the New Testament in their original languages, and at these Bible studies were key individuals, like Conrad Grebel, Felix Mantz, and Adreas Catelberger who would go onto start the Anabaptist movement in Zurich. Soon after Zwingli had begun to reform the Church in Zurich, tension arose within his group about the extent of his reform efforts. Zwingli was hesitant to push for changes in the church without the approval of the conservative city council, while some of his students, like Grebel and Mantz wanted to push complete reform according to the biblical text that would include, among other things, voluntary membership through adult baptism. After public disputations between Zwingli and his more radical students in March and October of 1523, Grebel and his friends decided split from the existing church and begin their own movement. On January 21, 1525 in Felix Manz's house the Grebel and his circle conducted the first adult baptism.<ref>Diether Götz Lichdi, "An Overview of Anabaptist-Mennonite History, 1525-1800," in ''Testing Faith and Tradition'', ed. John A. Lapp and C. Arnold Snyder (Intercourse, PA: Good Books, 2006), 6-10.</ref><br />
<br />
The fledgling movement experienced intense persecution from government authorities and many of the early leaders of the movement were martyred. Within this context early Anabaptist leaders met in Schleitheim, Switzerland to unify themselves with a confession. The resulting Schleitheim Confession affirmed a "Free Church" free from governmental influence that would remain separate from the world and live according to a biblical ethic that denounced, among other things, violence and the oath. These Swiss Brethren continued to grow despite intense persecution.<ref>Ibid., 11-12.</ref><br />
<br />
In the Netherlands, the Anabaptist movement began in the 1530s. After a disastrous apocalyptic Anabaptist experiment in Münster, the Mennonite Church began when a former Catholic priest, Menno Simons, was re-baptized in 1537 and guided the Anabaptist movement in the Netherlands until his death in 1561. Eventually, in 1579 the Union of Utrecht guaranteed free religious expression, and Mennonites began to enjoy a more prominent role in public life. They soon became well known professionals and artisans. By the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries they were prominent business people at the top of their industries.<ref>Ibid., 12-16, 25.</ref> <br />
<br />
Another Anabaptist group that began in sixteenth century Europe was the Hutterites. In 1529, Jacob Hutter, an Anabaptist from South Tyrol, fled to Moravia. There he encountered Anabaptists who shared community goods. Hutter was impressed by the group and joined a campaign to persuade fellow Anabaptists to emigrate from Switzerland to Moravia. The Hutterites thrived from 1560-1590 in Moravia, and today (2009) their communities exist around the world.<ref>Ibid., 17.</ref><br />
<br />
The Anabaptist movement that began in Europe spawned many different Anabaptist groups that spread throughout Europe and eventually to Russia, North America, and the rest of the world. Despite the Anabaptist movement's birth in Europe, however, the Anabaptist church in Europe has slowly declined in recent years. In 2000 there were only 57,921 members of Anabaptist-related churches in Europe, and by 2006 that number had fallen to 52,222.<ref>"2006 Mennonite and Brethren in Christ World Membership," ''[[Mennonite World Conference]]'', http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13&Itemid=16 (accessed 6 July 2009).</ref> By 2009, however, that number had rebounded to 64,740.<ref>"2009 Mennonite and Brethren in Christ World Membership," ''[[Mennonite World Conference]]'', http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13&Itemid=16 (accessed 20 February 2010).</ref><br />
==Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups==<br />
In 2009 there were 16 countries in Europe with Anabaptist-related groups officially associated with [[Mennonite World Conference]].<br />
<br />
{|{|cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0"<br />
|style="vertical-align: top"| <br />
* [[Austria]]<br />
* [[Belgium]]<br />
* [[France]]<br />
* [[Germany]]<br />
* [[Ireland]]<br />
* [[Italy]]<br />
* [[Lithuania]]<br />
* [[Luxembourg]]<ref>While the Association Mennonite Luxembourgeoise was listed in the 2006 [[Mennonite World Conference]] directory, no Anabatist-related groups from Luxembourg were listed in the 2009 [[Mennonite World Conference]] directory.</ref><br />
* [[Netherlands]]<br />
|style="vertical-align: top"| <br />
* [[Portugal]]<br />
* [[Republic of Moldova]]<br />
* [[Romania]]<br />
* [[Russia]]<br />
* [[Spain]]<br />
* [[Switzerland]]<br />
* [[Ukraine]]<br />
* [[United Kingdom]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Other Regions==<br />
''Click on the links below to learn about Anabaptist-related groups in other parts of the world'': <br />
<br />
* [[Africa]]<br />
* [[Asia and Pacific]]<br />
* [[Caribbean, Central and South America]]<br />
* [[North America (United States and Canada)]]<br />
==Electronic Resources==<br />
*[[Media:2006mbictotal.pdf|2006 Mennonite and Brethren in Christ World Membership]]<br />
<br />
*[[Media:2006europe.pdf|2006 Mennonite World Conference Directory for Europe]]<br />
<br />
==Annotated Bibliography==<br />
* Lapp, John A. and Snyder, C. Arnold. ''Testing Faith and Tradition''. Intercourse, PA: Good Books, 2006.<br />
<br />
::''Testing Faith and Tradition'', edited by John A. Lapp and C. Arnold Snyder, is part of [[Mennonite World Conference|Mennonite World Conference's]] [http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=24&Itemid=37 Global Mennonite History Project]. The book is a compilation of essays that discuss the history of several Anabaptist-related groups in Europe from 1850 to the present. The book contains articles on Mennonites in the Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland, France, Russia, as well as chapters on Anabaptist-Mennonite history in Europe from 1525-1800 and mission efforts in Europe.<br />
<br />
==Archives and Libraries==<br />
*[http://www.goshen.edu/mhl/Home Mennonite Historical Library (MHL)]<br />
<br />
::The MHL is a research level library located on [http://www.goshen.edu/ Goshen College's] campus in Goshen, Indiana that collects bibliographies, texts and images on topics related to the Radical Reformation, the Anabaptists, Hutterites, Mennonites, Amish and various related groups. The MHL has many resources on Mennonite groups in the Caribbean, Central and South America. To contact the MHL email mhl@goshen.edu or call (574) 535-7418.<br />
<br />
*There are many archives and libraries throughout Europe relating to specific countries or Anabaptist related groups. To learn more about these archives and libraries click on the [[#Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups|country links]] above.<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
[http://www.gameo.org Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia]<br />
<br />
==Citations==<br />
<references/></div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Europe&diff=2274Europe2010-02-20T15:57:46Z<p>Harms.Matt: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages}}<br />
[[Category:Regions]]<br />
{{Infobox<br />
|Box title = Europe<br />
|image = Image:Europe Map.gif<br />
|imagewidth = 300<br />
|caption = Europe: Wikimedia Commons, 2009<br />
|Row 1 title = Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups Formally Associated with [[Mennonite World Conference|MWC]]<br />
|Row 1 info = <center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
15<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
</center><br />
}}<br />
'''Europe''' is the birthplace of the Anabaptist movement. The Anabaptist church arose within the context of the Reformation in Europe. Huldrych Zwingli sowed the seeds of the Anabaptist movement in Zurich, Switzerland when he became the pastor of the Grossmünster in Zurich in 1519 and brought the Reformation movement to the town. He conducted Bible studies for individuals who could read both the Old and the New Testament in their original languages, and at these Bible studies were key individuals, like Conrad Grebel, Felix Mantz, and Adreas Catelberger who would go onto start the Anabaptist movement in Zurich. Soon after Zwingli had begun to reform the Church in Zurich, tension arose within his group about the extent of his reform efforts. Zwingli was hesitant to push for changes in the church without the approval of the conservative city council, while some of his students, like Grebel and Mantz wanted to push complete reform according to the biblical text that would include, among other things, voluntary membership through adult baptism. After public disputations between Zwingli and his more radical students in March and October of 1523, Grebel and his friends decided split from the existing church and begin their own movement. On January 21, 1525 in Felix Manz's house the Grebel and his circle conducted the first adult baptism.<ref>Diether Götz Lichdi, "An Overview of Anabaptist-Mennonite History, 1525-1800," in ''Testing Faith and Tradition'', ed. John A. Lapp and C. Arnold Snyder (Intercourse, PA: Good Books, 2006), 6-10.</ref><br />
<br />
The fledgling movement experienced intense persecution from government authorities and many of the early leaders of the movement were martyred. Within this context early Anabaptist leaders met in Schleitheim, Switzerland to unify themselves with a confession. The resulting Schleitheim Confession affirmed a "Free Church" free from governmental influence that would remain separate from the world and live according to a biblical ethic that denounced, among other things, violence and the oath. These Swiss Brethren continued to grow despite intense persecution.<ref>Ibid., 11-12.</ref><br />
<br />
In the Netherlands, the Anabaptist movement began in the 1530s. After a disastrous apocalyptic Anabaptist experiment in Münster, the Mennonite Church began when a former Catholic priest, Menno Simons, was re-baptized in 1537 and guided the Anabaptist movement in the Netherlands until his death in 1561. Eventually, in 1579 the Union of Utrecht guaranteed free religious expression, and Mennonites began to enjoy a more prominent role in public life. They soon became well known professionals and artisans. By the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries they were prominent business people at the top of their industries.<ref>Ibid., 12-16, 25.</ref> <br />
<br />
Another Anabaptist group that began in sixteenth century Europe was the Hutterites. In 1529, Jacob Hutter, an Anabaptist from South Tyrol, fled to Moravia. There he encountered Anabaptists who shared community goods. Hutter was impressed by the group and joined a campaign to persuade fellow Anabaptists to emigrate from Switzerland to Moravia. The Hutterites thrived from 1560-1590 in Moravia, and today (2009) their communities exist around the world.<ref>Ibid., 17.</ref><br />
<br />
The Anabaptist movement that began in Europe spawned many different Anabaptist groups that spread throughout Europe and eventually to Russia, North America, and the rest of the world. Despite the Anabaptist movement's birth in Europe, however, the Anabaptist church in Europe has slowly declined in recent years. In 2000 there were only 57,921 members of Anabaptist-related churches in Europe, and by 2006 that number had fallen to 52,222.<ref>"2006 Mennonite and Brethren in Christ World Membership," ''[[Mennonite World Conference]]'', http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13&Itemid=16 (accessed 6 July 2009).</ref> By 2009, however, that number had rebounded to 64,740.<ref>"2009 Mennonite and Brethren in Christ World Membership," ''[[Mennonite World Conference]]'', http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13&Itemid=16 (accessed 20 February 2010).</ref><br />
==Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups==<br />
In 2009 there were 16 countries in Europe with Anabaptist-related groups officially associated with [[Mennonite World Conference]].<br />
<br />
{|{|cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0"<br />
|style="vertical-align: top"| <br />
* [[Austria]]<br />
* [[Belgium]]<br />
* [[France]]<br />
* [[Germany]]<br />
* [[Ireland]]<br />
* [[Italy]]<br />
* [[Lithuania]]<br />
* [[Luxembourg]]<ref>While the Association Mennonite Luxembourgeoise was listed in the 2006 [[Mennonite World Conference]] directory, no Anabatist-related groups from Luxembourg were listed in the 2009 [[Mennonite World Conference]] directory.</ref><br />
* [[Netherlands]]<br />
|style="vertical-align: top"| <br />
* [[Portugal]]<br />
* [[Republic of Moldova]]<br />
* [[Romania]]<br />
* [[Russia]]<br />
* [[Spain]]<br />
* [[Switzerland]]<br />
* [[Ukraine]]<br />
* [[United Kingdom]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Other Regions==<br />
''Click on the links below to learn about Anabaptist-related groups in other parts of the world'': <br />
<br />
* [[Africa]]<br />
* [[Asia and Pacific]]<br />
* [[Caribbean, Central and South America]]<br />
* [[North America (United States and Canada)]]<br />
==Electronic Resources==<br />
*[[Media:2006mbictotal.pdf|2006 Mennonite and Brethren in Christ World Membership]]<br />
<br />
*[[Media:2006europe.pdf|2006 Mennonite World Conference Directory for Europe]]<br />
<br />
==Annotated Bibliography==<br />
* Lapp, John A. and Snyder, C. Arnold. ''Testing Faith and Tradition''. Intercourse, PA: Good Books, 2006.<br />
<br />
::''Testing Faith and Tradition'', edited by John A. Lapp and C. Arnold Snyder, is part of [[Mennonite World Conference|Mennonite World Conference's]] [http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=24&Itemid=37 Global Mennonite History Project]. The book is a compilation of essays that discuss the history of several Anabaptist-related groups in Europe from 1850 to the present. The book contains articles on Mennonites in the Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland, France, Russia, as well as chapters on Anabaptist-Mennonite history in Europe from 1525-1800 and mission efforts in Europe.<br />
<br />
==Archives and Libraries==<br />
*[http://www.goshen.edu/mhl/Home Mennonite Historical Library (MHL)]<br />
<br />
::The MHL is a research level library located on [http://www.goshen.edu/ Goshen College's] campus in Goshen, Indiana that collects bibliographies, texts and images on topics related to the Radical Reformation, the Anabaptists, Hutterites, Mennonites, Amish and various related groups. The MHL has many resources on Mennonite groups in the Caribbean, Central and South America. To contact the MHL email mhl@goshen.edu or call (574) 535-7418.<br />
<br />
*There are many archives and libraries throughout Europe relating to specific countries or Anabaptist related groups. To learn more about these archives and libraries click on the [[#Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups|country links]] above.<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
[http://www.gameo.org Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia]<br />
<br />
==Citations==<br />
<references/></div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Europe&diff=2273Europe2010-02-20T15:56:48Z<p>Harms.Matt: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages}}<br />
[[Category:Regions]]<br />
{{Infobox<br />
|Box title = Europe<br />
|image = Image:Europe Map.gif<br />
|imagewidth = 300<br />
|caption = Europe: Wikimedia Commons, 2009<br />
|Row 1 title = Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups Formally Associated with [[Mennonite World Conference|MWC]]<br />
|Row 1 info = <center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
15<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
</center><br />
}}<br />
'''Europe''' is the birthplace of the Anabaptist movement. The Anabaptist church arose within the context of the Reformation in Europe. Huldrych Zwingli sowed the seeds of the Anabaptist movement in Zurich, Switzerland when he became the pastor of the Grossmünster in Zurich in 1519 and brought the Reformation movement to the town. He conducted Bible studies for individuals who could read both the Old and the New Testament in their original languages, and at these Bible studies were key individuals, like Conrad Grebel, Felix Mantz, and Adreas Catelberger who would go onto start the Anabaptist movement in Zurich. Soon after Zwingli had begun to reform the Church in Zurich, tension arose within his group about the extent of his reform efforts. Zwingli was hesitant to push for changes in the church without the approval of the conservative city council, while some of his students, like Grebel and Mantz wanted to push complete reform according to the biblical text that would include, among other things, voluntary membership through adult baptism. After public disputations between Zwingli and his more radical students in March and October of 1523, Grebel and his friends decided split from the existing church and begin their own movement. On January 21, 1525 in Felix Manz's house the Grebel and his circle conducted the first adult baptism.<ref>Diether Götz Lichdi, "An Overview of Anabaptist-Mennonite History, 1525-1800," in ''Testing Faith and Tradition'', ed. John A. Lapp and C. Arnold Snyder (Intercourse, PA: Good Books, 2006), 6-10.</ref><br />
<br />
The fledgling movement experienced intense persecution from government authorities and many of the early leaders of the movement were martyred. Within this context early Anabaptist leaders met in Schleitheim, Switzerland to unify themselves with a confession. The resulting Schleitheim Confession affirmed a "Free Church" free from governmental influence that would remain separate from the world and live according to a biblical ethic that denounced, among other things, violence and the oath. These Swiss Brethren continued to grow despite intense persecution.<ref>Ibid., 11-12.</ref><br />
<br />
In the Netherlands, the Anabaptist movement began in the 1530s. After a disastrous apocalyptic Anabaptist experiment in Münster, the Mennonite Church began when a former Catholic priest, Menno Simons, was re-baptized in 1537 and guided the Anabaptist movement in the Netherlands until his death in 1561. Eventually, in 1579 the Union of Utrecht guaranteed free religious expression, and Mennonites began to enjoy a more prominent role in public life. They soon became well known professionals and artisans. By the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries they were prominent business people at the top of their industries.<ref>Ibid., 12-16, 25.</ref> <br />
<br />
Another Anabaptist group that began in sixteenth century Europe was the Hutterites. In 1529, Jacob Hutter, an Anabaptist from South Tyrol, fled to Moravia. There he encountered Anabaptists who shared community goods. Hutter was impressed by the group and joined a campaign to persuade fellow Anabaptists to emigrate from Switzerland to Moravia. The Hutterites thrived from 1560-1590 in Moravia, and today (2009) their communities exist around the world.<ref>Ibid., 17.</ref><br />
<br />
The Anabaptist movement that began in Europe spawned many different Anabaptist groups that spread throughout Europe and eventually to Russia, North America, and the rest of the world. Despite the Anabaptist movement's birth in Europe, however, the Anabaptist church in Europe has slowly declined in recent years. In 2000 there were only 57,921 members of Anabaptist-related churches in Europe, and by 2006 that number had fallen to 52,222.<ref>"2006 Mennonite and Brethren in Christ World Membership," ''[[Mennonite World Conference]]'', http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13&Itemid=16 (accessed 6 July 2009).</ref> By 2009, however, that number had rebounded to 64,740.<ref>"2009 Mennonite and Brethren in Christ World Membership," ''[[Mennonite World Conference]]'', http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13&Itemid=16 (accessed 20 February 2010).</ref><br />
==Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups==<br />
In 2009 there were 16 countries in Europe with Anabaptist-related groups officially associated with [[Mennonite World Conference]].<br />
<br />
{|{|cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0"<br />
|style="vertical-align: top"| <br />
* [[Austria]]<br />
* [[Belgium]]<br />
* [[France]]<br />
* [[Germany]]<br />
* [[Ireland]]<br />
* [[Italy]]<br />
* [[Lithuania]]<br />
* [[Luxembourg]]<ref>While the Association Mennonite Luxembourgeoise was listed in the 2006 [[Mennonite World Conference]] directory, no groups from Anabatist-related groups were listed in the 2009 [[Mennonite World Conference]] directory.</ref><br />
* [[Netherlands]]<br />
|style="vertical-align: top"| <br />
* [[Portugal]]<br />
* [[Republic of Moldova]]<br />
* [[Romania]]<br />
* [[Russia]]<br />
* [[Spain]]<br />
* [[Switzerland]]<br />
* [[Ukraine]]<br />
* [[United Kingdom]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Other Regions==<br />
''Click on the links below to learn about Anabaptist-related groups in other parts of the world'': <br />
<br />
* [[Africa]]<br />
* [[Asia and Pacific]]<br />
* [[Caribbean, Central and South America]]<br />
* [[North America (United States and Canada)]]<br />
==Electronic Resources==<br />
*[[Media:2006mbictotal.pdf|2006 Mennonite and Brethren in Christ World Membership]]<br />
<br />
*[[Media:2006europe.pdf|2006 Mennonite World Conference Directory for Europe]]<br />
<br />
==Annotated Bibliography==<br />
* Lapp, John A. and Snyder, C. Arnold. ''Testing Faith and Tradition''. Intercourse, PA: Good Books, 2006.<br />
<br />
::''Testing Faith and Tradition'', edited by John A. Lapp and C. Arnold Snyder, is part of [[Mennonite World Conference|Mennonite World Conference's]] [http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=24&Itemid=37 Global Mennonite History Project]. The book is a compilation of essays that discuss the history of several Anabaptist-related groups in Europe from 1850 to the present. The book contains articles on Mennonites in the Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland, France, Russia, as well as chapters on Anabaptist-Mennonite history in Europe from 1525-1800 and mission efforts in Europe.<br />
<br />
==Archives and Libraries==<br />
*[http://www.goshen.edu/mhl/Home Mennonite Historical Library (MHL)]<br />
<br />
::The MHL is a research level library located on [http://www.goshen.edu/ Goshen College's] campus in Goshen, Indiana that collects bibliographies, texts and images on topics related to the Radical Reformation, the Anabaptists, Hutterites, Mennonites, Amish and various related groups. The MHL has many resources on Mennonite groups in the Caribbean, Central and South America. To contact the MHL email mhl@goshen.edu or call (574) 535-7418.<br />
<br />
*There are many archives and libraries throughout Europe relating to specific countries or Anabaptist related groups. To learn more about these archives and libraries click on the [[#Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups|country links]] above.<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
[http://www.gameo.org Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia]<br />
<br />
==Citations==<br />
<references/></div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Caribbean,_Central_and_South_America&diff=2272Caribbean, Central and South America2010-02-20T15:44:59Z<p>Harms.Matt: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Regions]]<br />
{{Languages}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox<br />
|Box title = Caribbean, Central and South America<br />
|image = Image:Map-latin_america_good.png<br />
|imagewidth = 300<br />
|caption = Caribbean, Central and South America: Wikimedia Commons, 2009<br />
|Row 1 title = Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups Formally Associated with [[Mennonite World Conference|MWC]]<br />
|Row 1 info = <center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
26<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
</center><br />
}}<br />
<br />
In the '''Caribbean, Central and South America''' there are (2009) 26 countries with Anabaptist-related groups associated with [[Mennonite World Conference]].<ref>"2009 Mennonite World Conference Directory for Caribbean, Central and South America," ''[[Mennonite World Conference]]''. http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13&Itemid=16(accessed 20 February 2010).</ref> These groups reflect many different Anabaptist traditions, cultures and practices. Their languages include Creole, English, French, German, Portuguese, and Spanish; and they represent a wide variety of ethnic groups (including Swiss-South German, Russian, Latino, and indigenous peoples). Mennonites came to the Caribbean, Central and South America in several different waves. In the early decades of the twentieth century, Russian Mennonites seeking religious liberty arrived from Canada, and then from Russia where they fled persecution under Bolshevik and Stalinist rule. In later decades, Mennonite communities in the Caribbean, Central and South America have emerged as a result of North American and Russian Mennonite missionary efforts among indigenous peoples, and through immigration by Amish and Old Order Mennonite groups in North America seeking economic opportunities and cultural isolation.<br />
<br />
==Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups==<br />
In 2009 there were 26 countries in the Caribbean, Central and South America with Anabaptist-related groups officially associated with [[Mennonite World Conference]]:<br />
<br />
{|cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0"<br />
|style="vertical-align: top"| <br />
* [[Argentina]]<br />
* [[The Bahamas]]<br />
* [[Belize]]<br />
* [[Bolivia]]<br />
* [[Brazil]]<br />
* [[Chile]]<br />
* [[Colombia]]<br />
* [[Costa Rica]]<br />
* [[Cuba]]<br />
* [[Dominican Republic]]<br />
* [[Iglesia Evangélica Menonita Ecuatoriana, Ecuador|Ecuador (Iglesia Evangélica Menonita Ecuatoriana)]]<br />
* [[El Salvador]]<br />
* [[Grenada, W.I.]]<br />
|style="vertical-align: top"| <br />
* [[Guatemala]]<br />
* [[Haiti]]<br />
* [[Honduras]]<br />
* [[Jamaica Mennonite Church|Jamaica (Jamaica Mennonite Church)]]<br />
* [[Mexico]] <br />
* [[Nicaragua]]<br />
* [[Iglesia Evangélica Unida Hermanos Menonitas de Panamá|Panama (Iglesia Evangélica Unida Hermanos Menonitas de Panamá)]]<br />
* [[Paraguay]]<br />
* [[Peru]]<br />
* [[Puerto Rico]]<br />
* [[The Mennonite Church of Trinidad and Tobago|Trinidad and Tobago (The Mennonite Church of Trinidad and Tobago)]]<br />
* [[Uruguay]]<br />
* [[Venezuela]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Other Regions==<br />
''Click on the links below to learn about Anabaptist-related groups in other parts of the world'': <br />
<br />
* [[Africa]]<br />
* [[Asia and Pacific]]<br />
* [[Europe]]<br />
* [[North America (United States and Canada)]]<br />
<br />
==Electronic Resources==<br />
*[[Media:World_Membership_summary.doc|2009 Mennonite and Brethren in Christ World Membership]]<br />
*[[Media:Latin_America_&_the_Caribbean_Summary.doc|2009 Mennonite World Conference Directory for Latin America and the Caribbean]]<br />
*[[Media:2006mbictotal.pdf|2006 Mennonite and Brethren in Christ World Membership]]<br />
*[[Media:2006_MWC_Directory_for_Caribbean,_Central_and_South_America.pdf|2006 Mennonite World Conference Directory for Caribbean, Central and South America]]<br />
<br />
==Annotated Bibliography==<br />
*''Agrupación Menonita Latinoamericana de Comunicaciones''. http://www.amlac.org.ar/ (accessed 24 June 2009).<br />
<br />
::This is the official website for the Agrupación Menonita Latinoamericana de Comunicaciones (Latin American Mennonite Association for Communication). The website is an excellent resource for information about the various branches of the Anabaptist church in Latin America. It includes sections describing the association and its history. Additionally, twice a month the group posts a news bulletin online. Also included on the site are links to various congregations and conferences in Latin America as well as to Anabaptist seminaries in Latin America.<br />
<br />
==Archives and Libraries==<br />
*[http://www.goshen.edu/mhl/Home Mennonite Historical Library (MHL)]<br />
<br />
::The MHL is a research level library located on [http://www.goshen.edu/ Goshen College's] campus in Goshen, Indiana that collects printed texts and images on topics related to the Radical Reformation, including the Anabaptists, Hutterites, Mennonites, Amish and various related groups. The MHL has many resources on Mennonite groups in the Caribbean, Central and South America. To contact the MHL email mhl@goshen.edu or call (574) 535-7418.<br />
<br />
*There are many archives and libraries throughout the Caribbean, Central and South America relating to specific countries or Anabaptist related groups. To learn more about these archives and libraries click on the [[#Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups|country links]] above.<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
[http://www.amlac.org.ar/ Agrupación Menonita Latinoamericana de Comunicaciones]<br />
<br />
[http://www.cemta.org.py/ Centro Evangélico Mennonita de Teología Asunción (CEMTA), Paraguay]<br />
<br />
[http://www.casm.hn/ Comisión de Acción Social Menonita, Honduras]<br />
<br />
[http://www.puertachile.cl/index2.htm Corporación Cristiana Anabaptista: "Puerta del Rebaño," Chile]<br />
<br />
[http://www.fidelis.edu.br/home.htm Faculdade FIDELIS, Brazil]<br />
<br />
[http://www.menonitas.org.ar/ Iglesia Anabautista Menonita de Buenos Aires, Argentina]<br />
<br />
[http://200.58.179.174/iembolivia/index.php?option=com_content&view=frontpage&Itemid=1 Iglesia Evangélica Menonita Boliviana]<br />
<br />
[http://www.iglesiamenonitadecolombia.org/ Iglesia Menonita de Colombia]<br />
<br />
[http://www.justapaz.org/ JustaPaz, Colombia]<br />
<br />
[http://www.goshen.edu/mhl/Home Mennonite Historical Library]<br />
<br />
[http://www.semilla.org.gt/index.html Seminario Anabautista Latinoamericano (SEMILLA), Guatemala] <br />
<br />
[http://www.iglesiamenonitadecolombia.org/ministerios/seminario/index.shtml Seminario Bíblico Menonita de Colombia]<br />
<br />
==Citations==<br />
<references/></div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Latin_America_%26_the_Caribbean_Summary.doc&diff=2271File:Latin America & the Caribbean Summary.doc2010-02-20T15:42:47Z<p>Harms.Matt: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Caribbean,_Central_and_South_America&diff=2270Caribbean, Central and South America2010-02-20T15:42:11Z<p>Harms.Matt: /* Electronic Resources */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Regions]]<br />
{{Languages}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox<br />
|Box title = Caribbean, Central and South America<br />
|image = Image:Map-latin_america_good.png<br />
|imagewidth = 300<br />
|caption = Caribbean, Central and South America: Wikimedia Commons, 2009<br />
|Row 1 title = Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups Formally Associated with [[Mennonite World Conference|MWC]]<br />
|Row 1 info = <center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
26<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
</center><br />
}}<br />
<br />
In the '''Caribbean, Central and South America''' there are (2009) 26 countries with Anabaptist-related groups associated with [[Mennonite World Conference]].<ref>"2006 Mennonite World Conference Directory for Caribbean, Central and South America," ''[[Mennonite World Conference]]''. http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13&Itemid=16 (accessed 22 June 2009).</ref> These groups reflect many different Anabaptist traditions, cultures and practices. Their languages include Creole, English, French, German, Portuguese, and Spanish; and they represent a wide variety of ethnic groups (including Swiss-South German, Russian, Latino, and indigenous peoples). Mennonites came to the Caribbean, Central and South America in several different waves. In the early decades of the twentieth century, Russian Mennonites seeking religious liberty arrived from Canada, and then from Russia where they fled persecution under Bolshevik and Stalinist rule. In later decades, Mennonite communities in the Caribbean, Central and South America have emerged as a result of North American and Russian Mennonite missionary efforts among indigenous peoples, and through immigration by Amish and Old Order Mennonite groups in North America seeking economic opportunities and cultural isolation.<br />
<br />
==Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups==<br />
In 2009 there were 26 countries in the Caribbean, Central and South America with Anabaptist-related groups officially associated with [[Mennonite World Conference]]:<br />
<br />
{|cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0"<br />
|style="vertical-align: top"| <br />
* [[Argentina]]<br />
* [[The Bahamas]]<br />
* [[Belize]]<br />
* [[Bolivia]]<br />
* [[Brazil]]<br />
* [[Chile]]<br />
* [[Colombia]]<br />
* [[Costa Rica]]<br />
* [[Cuba]]<br />
* [[Dominican Republic]]<br />
* [[Iglesia Evangélica Menonita Ecuatoriana, Ecuador|Ecuador (Iglesia Evangélica Menonita Ecuatoriana)]]<br />
* [[El Salvador]]<br />
* [[Grenada, W.I.]]<br />
|style="vertical-align: top"| <br />
* [[Guatemala]]<br />
* [[Haiti]]<br />
* [[Honduras]]<br />
* [[Jamaica Mennonite Church|Jamaica (Jamaica Mennonite Church)]]<br />
* [[Mexico]] <br />
* [[Nicaragua]]<br />
* [[Iglesia Evangélica Unida Hermanos Menonitas de Panamá|Panama (Iglesia Evangélica Unida Hermanos Menonitas de Panamá)]]<br />
* [[Paraguay]]<br />
* [[Peru]]<br />
* [[Puerto Rico]]<br />
* [[The Mennonite Church of Trinidad and Tobago|Trinidad and Tobago (The Mennonite Church of Trinidad and Tobago)]]<br />
* [[Uruguay]]<br />
* [[Venezuela]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Other Regions==<br />
''Click on the links below to learn about Anabaptist-related groups in other parts of the world'': <br />
<br />
* [[Africa]]<br />
* [[Asia and Pacific]]<br />
* [[Europe]]<br />
* [[North America (United States and Canada)]]<br />
<br />
==Electronic Resources==<br />
*[[Media:World_Membership_summary.doc|2009 Mennonite and Brethren in Christ World Membership]]<br />
*[[Media:Latin_America_&_the_Caribbean_Summary.doc|2009 Mennonite World Conference Directory for Latin America and the Caribbean]]<br />
*[[Media:2006mbictotal.pdf|2006 Mennonite and Brethren in Christ World Membership]]<br />
*[[Media:2006_MWC_Directory_for_Caribbean,_Central_and_South_America.pdf|2006 Mennonite World Conference Directory for Caribbean, Central and South America]]<br />
<br />
==Annotated Bibliography==<br />
*''Agrupación Menonita Latinoamericana de Comunicaciones''. http://www.amlac.org.ar/ (accessed 24 June 2009).<br />
<br />
::This is the official website for the Agrupación Menonita Latinoamericana de Comunicaciones (Latin American Mennonite Association for Communication). The website is an excellent resource for information about the various branches of the Anabaptist church in Latin America. It includes sections describing the association and its history. Additionally, twice a month the group posts a news bulletin online. Also included on the site are links to various congregations and conferences in Latin America as well as to Anabaptist seminaries in Latin America.<br />
<br />
==Archives and Libraries==<br />
*[http://www.goshen.edu/mhl/Home Mennonite Historical Library (MHL)]<br />
<br />
::The MHL is a research level library located on [http://www.goshen.edu/ Goshen College's] campus in Goshen, Indiana that collects printed texts and images on topics related to the Radical Reformation, including the Anabaptists, Hutterites, Mennonites, Amish and various related groups. The MHL has many resources on Mennonite groups in the Caribbean, Central and South America. To contact the MHL email mhl@goshen.edu or call (574) 535-7418.<br />
<br />
*There are many archives and libraries throughout the Caribbean, Central and South America relating to specific countries or Anabaptist related groups. To learn more about these archives and libraries click on the [[#Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups|country links]] above.<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
[http://www.amlac.org.ar/ Agrupación Menonita Latinoamericana de Comunicaciones]<br />
<br />
[http://www.cemta.org.py/ Centro Evangélico Mennonita de Teología Asunción (CEMTA), Paraguay]<br />
<br />
[http://www.casm.hn/ Comisión de Acción Social Menonita, Honduras]<br />
<br />
[http://www.puertachile.cl/index2.htm Corporación Cristiana Anabaptista: "Puerta del Rebaño," Chile]<br />
<br />
[http://www.fidelis.edu.br/home.htm Faculdade FIDELIS, Brazil]<br />
<br />
[http://www.menonitas.org.ar/ Iglesia Anabautista Menonita de Buenos Aires, Argentina]<br />
<br />
[http://200.58.179.174/iembolivia/index.php?option=com_content&view=frontpage&Itemid=1 Iglesia Evangélica Menonita Boliviana]<br />
<br />
[http://www.iglesiamenonitadecolombia.org/ Iglesia Menonita de Colombia]<br />
<br />
[http://www.justapaz.org/ JustaPaz, Colombia]<br />
<br />
[http://www.goshen.edu/mhl/Home Mennonite Historical Library]<br />
<br />
[http://www.semilla.org.gt/index.html Seminario Anabautista Latinoamericano (SEMILLA), Guatemala] <br />
<br />
[http://www.iglesiamenonitadecolombia.org/ministerios/seminario/index.shtml Seminario Bíblico Menonita de Colombia]<br />
<br />
==Citations==<br />
<references/></div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Caribbean,_Central_and_South_America&diff=2269Caribbean, Central and South America2010-02-20T15:40:48Z<p>Harms.Matt: /* Electronic Resources */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Regions]]<br />
{{Languages}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox<br />
|Box title = Caribbean, Central and South America<br />
|image = Image:Map-latin_america_good.png<br />
|imagewidth = 300<br />
|caption = Caribbean, Central and South America: Wikimedia Commons, 2009<br />
|Row 1 title = Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups Formally Associated with [[Mennonite World Conference|MWC]]<br />
|Row 1 info = <center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
26<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
</center><br />
}}<br />
<br />
In the '''Caribbean, Central and South America''' there are (2009) 26 countries with Anabaptist-related groups associated with [[Mennonite World Conference]].<ref>"2006 Mennonite World Conference Directory for Caribbean, Central and South America," ''[[Mennonite World Conference]]''. http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13&Itemid=16 (accessed 22 June 2009).</ref> These groups reflect many different Anabaptist traditions, cultures and practices. Their languages include Creole, English, French, German, Portuguese, and Spanish; and they represent a wide variety of ethnic groups (including Swiss-South German, Russian, Latino, and indigenous peoples). Mennonites came to the Caribbean, Central and South America in several different waves. In the early decades of the twentieth century, Russian Mennonites seeking religious liberty arrived from Canada, and then from Russia where they fled persecution under Bolshevik and Stalinist rule. In later decades, Mennonite communities in the Caribbean, Central and South America have emerged as a result of North American and Russian Mennonite missionary efforts among indigenous peoples, and through immigration by Amish and Old Order Mennonite groups in North America seeking economic opportunities and cultural isolation.<br />
<br />
==Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups==<br />
In 2009 there were 26 countries in the Caribbean, Central and South America with Anabaptist-related groups officially associated with [[Mennonite World Conference]]:<br />
<br />
{|cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0"<br />
|style="vertical-align: top"| <br />
* [[Argentina]]<br />
* [[The Bahamas]]<br />
* [[Belize]]<br />
* [[Bolivia]]<br />
* [[Brazil]]<br />
* [[Chile]]<br />
* [[Colombia]]<br />
* [[Costa Rica]]<br />
* [[Cuba]]<br />
* [[Dominican Republic]]<br />
* [[Iglesia Evangélica Menonita Ecuatoriana, Ecuador|Ecuador (Iglesia Evangélica Menonita Ecuatoriana)]]<br />
* [[El Salvador]]<br />
* [[Grenada, W.I.]]<br />
|style="vertical-align: top"| <br />
* [[Guatemala]]<br />
* [[Haiti]]<br />
* [[Honduras]]<br />
* [[Jamaica Mennonite Church|Jamaica (Jamaica Mennonite Church)]]<br />
* [[Mexico]] <br />
* [[Nicaragua]]<br />
* [[Iglesia Evangélica Unida Hermanos Menonitas de Panamá|Panama (Iglesia Evangélica Unida Hermanos Menonitas de Panamá)]]<br />
* [[Paraguay]]<br />
* [[Peru]]<br />
* [[Puerto Rico]]<br />
* [[The Mennonite Church of Trinidad and Tobago|Trinidad and Tobago (The Mennonite Church of Trinidad and Tobago)]]<br />
* [[Uruguay]]<br />
* [[Venezuela]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Other Regions==<br />
''Click on the links below to learn about Anabaptist-related groups in other parts of the world'': <br />
<br />
* [[Africa]]<br />
* [[Asia and Pacific]]<br />
* [[Europe]]<br />
* [[North America (United States and Canada)]]<br />
<br />
==Electronic Resources==<br />
*[[Media:World_Membership_summary|2009 Mennonite and Brethren in Christ World Membership]]<br />
*[[Media:Latin_America_&_the_Caribbean_Summary|2009 Mennonite World Conference Directory for Latin America and the Caribbean]]<br />
*[[Media:2006mbictotal.pdf|2006 Mennonite and Brethren in Christ World Membership]]<br />
*[[Media:2006_MWC_Directory_for_Caribbean,_Central_and_South_America.pdf|2006 Mennonite World Conference Directory for Caribbean, Central and South America]]<br />
<br />
==Annotated Bibliography==<br />
*''Agrupación Menonita Latinoamericana de Comunicaciones''. http://www.amlac.org.ar/ (accessed 24 June 2009).<br />
<br />
::This is the official website for the Agrupación Menonita Latinoamericana de Comunicaciones (Latin American Mennonite Association for Communication). The website is an excellent resource for information about the various branches of the Anabaptist church in Latin America. It includes sections describing the association and its history. Additionally, twice a month the group posts a news bulletin online. Also included on the site are links to various congregations and conferences in Latin America as well as to Anabaptist seminaries in Latin America.<br />
<br />
==Archives and Libraries==<br />
*[http://www.goshen.edu/mhl/Home Mennonite Historical Library (MHL)]<br />
<br />
::The MHL is a research level library located on [http://www.goshen.edu/ Goshen College's] campus in Goshen, Indiana that collects printed texts and images on topics related to the Radical Reformation, including the Anabaptists, Hutterites, Mennonites, Amish and various related groups. The MHL has many resources on Mennonite groups in the Caribbean, Central and South America. To contact the MHL email mhl@goshen.edu or call (574) 535-7418.<br />
<br />
*There are many archives and libraries throughout the Caribbean, Central and South America relating to specific countries or Anabaptist related groups. To learn more about these archives and libraries click on the [[#Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups|country links]] above.<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
[http://www.amlac.org.ar/ Agrupación Menonita Latinoamericana de Comunicaciones]<br />
<br />
[http://www.cemta.org.py/ Centro Evangélico Mennonita de Teología Asunción (CEMTA), Paraguay]<br />
<br />
[http://www.casm.hn/ Comisión de Acción Social Menonita, Honduras]<br />
<br />
[http://www.puertachile.cl/index2.htm Corporación Cristiana Anabaptista: "Puerta del Rebaño," Chile]<br />
<br />
[http://www.fidelis.edu.br/home.htm Faculdade FIDELIS, Brazil]<br />
<br />
[http://www.menonitas.org.ar/ Iglesia Anabautista Menonita de Buenos Aires, Argentina]<br />
<br />
[http://200.58.179.174/iembolivia/index.php?option=com_content&view=frontpage&Itemid=1 Iglesia Evangélica Menonita Boliviana]<br />
<br />
[http://www.iglesiamenonitadecolombia.org/ Iglesia Menonita de Colombia]<br />
<br />
[http://www.justapaz.org/ JustaPaz, Colombia]<br />
<br />
[http://www.goshen.edu/mhl/Home Mennonite Historical Library]<br />
<br />
[http://www.semilla.org.gt/index.html Seminario Anabautista Latinoamericano (SEMILLA), Guatemala] <br />
<br />
[http://www.iglesiamenonitadecolombia.org/ministerios/seminario/index.shtml Seminario Bíblico Menonita de Colombia]<br />
<br />
==Citations==<br />
<references/></div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Caribbean,_Central_and_South_America&diff=2268Caribbean, Central and South America2010-02-20T15:36:29Z<p>Harms.Matt: /* Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Regions]]<br />
{{Languages}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox<br />
|Box title = Caribbean, Central and South America<br />
|image = Image:Map-latin_america_good.png<br />
|imagewidth = 300<br />
|caption = Caribbean, Central and South America: Wikimedia Commons, 2009<br />
|Row 1 title = Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups Formally Associated with [[Mennonite World Conference|MWC]]<br />
|Row 1 info = <center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
26<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
</center><br />
}}<br />
<br />
In the '''Caribbean, Central and South America''' there are (2009) 26 countries with Anabaptist-related groups associated with [[Mennonite World Conference]].<ref>"2006 Mennonite World Conference Directory for Caribbean, Central and South America," ''[[Mennonite World Conference]]''. http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13&Itemid=16 (accessed 22 June 2009).</ref> These groups reflect many different Anabaptist traditions, cultures and practices. Their languages include Creole, English, French, German, Portuguese, and Spanish; and they represent a wide variety of ethnic groups (including Swiss-South German, Russian, Latino, and indigenous peoples). Mennonites came to the Caribbean, Central and South America in several different waves. In the early decades of the twentieth century, Russian Mennonites seeking religious liberty arrived from Canada, and then from Russia where they fled persecution under Bolshevik and Stalinist rule. In later decades, Mennonite communities in the Caribbean, Central and South America have emerged as a result of North American and Russian Mennonite missionary efforts among indigenous peoples, and through immigration by Amish and Old Order Mennonite groups in North America seeking economic opportunities and cultural isolation.<br />
<br />
==Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups==<br />
In 2009 there were 26 countries in the Caribbean, Central and South America with Anabaptist-related groups officially associated with [[Mennonite World Conference]]:<br />
<br />
{|cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0"<br />
|style="vertical-align: top"| <br />
* [[Argentina]]<br />
* [[The Bahamas]]<br />
* [[Belize]]<br />
* [[Bolivia]]<br />
* [[Brazil]]<br />
* [[Chile]]<br />
* [[Colombia]]<br />
* [[Costa Rica]]<br />
* [[Cuba]]<br />
* [[Dominican Republic]]<br />
* [[Iglesia Evangélica Menonita Ecuatoriana, Ecuador|Ecuador (Iglesia Evangélica Menonita Ecuatoriana)]]<br />
* [[El Salvador]]<br />
* [[Grenada, W.I.]]<br />
|style="vertical-align: top"| <br />
* [[Guatemala]]<br />
* [[Haiti]]<br />
* [[Honduras]]<br />
* [[Jamaica Mennonite Church|Jamaica (Jamaica Mennonite Church)]]<br />
* [[Mexico]] <br />
* [[Nicaragua]]<br />
* [[Iglesia Evangélica Unida Hermanos Menonitas de Panamá|Panama (Iglesia Evangélica Unida Hermanos Menonitas de Panamá)]]<br />
* [[Paraguay]]<br />
* [[Peru]]<br />
* [[Puerto Rico]]<br />
* [[The Mennonite Church of Trinidad and Tobago|Trinidad and Tobago (The Mennonite Church of Trinidad and Tobago)]]<br />
* [[Uruguay]]<br />
* [[Venezuela]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Other Regions==<br />
''Click on the links below to learn about Anabaptist-related groups in other parts of the world'': <br />
<br />
* [[Africa]]<br />
* [[Asia and Pacific]]<br />
* [[Europe]]<br />
* [[North America (United States and Canada)]]<br />
<br />
==Electronic Resources==<br />
*[[Media:2006mbictotal.pdf|2006 Mennonite and Brethren in Christ World Membership]]<br />
<br />
*[[Media:2006_MWC_Directory_for_Caribbean,_Central_and_South_America.pdf|2006 Mennonite World Conference Directory for Caribbean, Central and South America]]<br />
<br />
==Annotated Bibliography==<br />
*''Agrupación Menonita Latinoamericana de Comunicaciones''. http://www.amlac.org.ar/ (accessed 24 June 2009).<br />
<br />
::This is the official website for the Agrupación Menonita Latinoamericana de Comunicaciones (Latin American Mennonite Association for Communication). The website is an excellent resource for information about the various branches of the Anabaptist church in Latin America. It includes sections describing the association and its history. Additionally, twice a month the group posts a news bulletin online. Also included on the site are links to various congregations and conferences in Latin America as well as to Anabaptist seminaries in Latin America.<br />
<br />
==Archives and Libraries==<br />
*[http://www.goshen.edu/mhl/Home Mennonite Historical Library (MHL)]<br />
<br />
::The MHL is a research level library located on [http://www.goshen.edu/ Goshen College's] campus in Goshen, Indiana that collects printed texts and images on topics related to the Radical Reformation, including the Anabaptists, Hutterites, Mennonites, Amish and various related groups. The MHL has many resources on Mennonite groups in the Caribbean, Central and South America. To contact the MHL email mhl@goshen.edu or call (574) 535-7418.<br />
<br />
*There are many archives and libraries throughout the Caribbean, Central and South America relating to specific countries or Anabaptist related groups. To learn more about these archives and libraries click on the [[#Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups|country links]] above.<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
[http://www.amlac.org.ar/ Agrupación Menonita Latinoamericana de Comunicaciones]<br />
<br />
[http://www.cemta.org.py/ Centro Evangélico Mennonita de Teología Asunción (CEMTA), Paraguay]<br />
<br />
[http://www.casm.hn/ Comisión de Acción Social Menonita, Honduras]<br />
<br />
[http://www.puertachile.cl/index2.htm Corporación Cristiana Anabaptista: "Puerta del Rebaño," Chile]<br />
<br />
[http://www.fidelis.edu.br/home.htm Faculdade FIDELIS, Brazil]<br />
<br />
[http://www.menonitas.org.ar/ Iglesia Anabautista Menonita de Buenos Aires, Argentina]<br />
<br />
[http://200.58.179.174/iembolivia/index.php?option=com_content&view=frontpage&Itemid=1 Iglesia Evangélica Menonita Boliviana]<br />
<br />
[http://www.iglesiamenonitadecolombia.org/ Iglesia Menonita de Colombia]<br />
<br />
[http://www.justapaz.org/ JustaPaz, Colombia]<br />
<br />
[http://www.goshen.edu/mhl/Home Mennonite Historical Library]<br />
<br />
[http://www.semilla.org.gt/index.html Seminario Anabautista Latinoamericano (SEMILLA), Guatemala] <br />
<br />
[http://www.iglesiamenonitadecolombia.org/ministerios/seminario/index.shtml Seminario Bíblico Menonita de Colombia]<br />
<br />
==Citations==<br />
<references/></div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Caribbean,_Central_and_South_America&diff=2267Caribbean, Central and South America2010-02-20T15:35:57Z<p>Harms.Matt: /* Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Regions]]<br />
{{Languages}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox<br />
|Box title = Caribbean, Central and South America<br />
|image = Image:Map-latin_america_good.png<br />
|imagewidth = 300<br />
|caption = Caribbean, Central and South America: Wikimedia Commons, 2009<br />
|Row 1 title = Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups Formally Associated with [[Mennonite World Conference|MWC]]<br />
|Row 1 info = <center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
26<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
</center><br />
}}<br />
<br />
In the '''Caribbean, Central and South America''' there are (2009) 26 countries with Anabaptist-related groups associated with [[Mennonite World Conference]].<ref>"2006 Mennonite World Conference Directory for Caribbean, Central and South America," ''[[Mennonite World Conference]]''. http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13&Itemid=16 (accessed 22 June 2009).</ref> These groups reflect many different Anabaptist traditions, cultures and practices. Their languages include Creole, English, French, German, Portuguese, and Spanish; and they represent a wide variety of ethnic groups (including Swiss-South German, Russian, Latino, and indigenous peoples). Mennonites came to the Caribbean, Central and South America in several different waves. In the early decades of the twentieth century, Russian Mennonites seeking religious liberty arrived from Canada, and then from Russia where they fled persecution under Bolshevik and Stalinist rule. In later decades, Mennonite communities in the Caribbean, Central and South America have emerged as a result of North American and Russian Mennonite missionary efforts among indigenous peoples, and through immigration by Amish and Old Order Mennonite groups in North America seeking economic opportunities and cultural isolation.<br />
<br />
==Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups==<br />
In 2009 there were 26 countries in the Caribbean, Central and South America with Anabaptist-related groups officially associated with [[Mennonite World Conference]]:<br />
<br />
{|cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0"<br />
|style="vertical-align: top"| <br />
* [[Argentina]]<br />
* [[The Bahamas]]<br />
* [[Belize]]<br />
* [[Bolivia]]<br />
* [[Brazil]]<br />
* [[Chile]]<br />
* [[Colombia]]<br />
* [[Costa Rica]]<br />
* [[Cuba]]<br />
* [[Dominican Republic]]<br />
* [[Iglesia Evangélica Menonita Ecuatoriana, Ecuador|Ecuador (Iglesia Evangélica Menonita Ecuatoriana)]]<br />
* [[El Salvador]]<br />
* [[Grenada, W.I.]]<br />
* [[Guatemala]]<br />
|style="vertical-align: top"| <br />
* [[Haiti]]<br />
* [[Honduras]]<br />
* [[Jamaica Mennonite Church|Jamaica (Jamaica Mennonite Church)]]<br />
* [[Mexico]] <br />
* [[Nicaragua]]<br />
* [[Iglesia Evangélica Unida Hermanos Menonitas de Panamá|Panama (Iglesia Evangélica Unida Hermanos Menonitas de Panamá)]]<br />
* [[Paraguay]]<br />
* [[Peru]]<br />
* [[Puerto Rico]]<br />
* [[The Mennonite Church of Trinidad and Tobago|Trinidad and Tobago (The Mennonite Church of Trinidad and Tobago)]]<br />
* [[Uruguay]]<br />
* [[Venezuela]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Other Regions==<br />
''Click on the links below to learn about Anabaptist-related groups in other parts of the world'': <br />
<br />
* [[Africa]]<br />
* [[Asia and Pacific]]<br />
* [[Europe]]<br />
* [[North America (United States and Canada)]]<br />
<br />
==Electronic Resources==<br />
*[[Media:2006mbictotal.pdf|2006 Mennonite and Brethren in Christ World Membership]]<br />
<br />
*[[Media:2006_MWC_Directory_for_Caribbean,_Central_and_South_America.pdf|2006 Mennonite World Conference Directory for Caribbean, Central and South America]]<br />
<br />
==Annotated Bibliography==<br />
*''Agrupación Menonita Latinoamericana de Comunicaciones''. http://www.amlac.org.ar/ (accessed 24 June 2009).<br />
<br />
::This is the official website for the Agrupación Menonita Latinoamericana de Comunicaciones (Latin American Mennonite Association for Communication). The website is an excellent resource for information about the various branches of the Anabaptist church in Latin America. It includes sections describing the association and its history. Additionally, twice a month the group posts a news bulletin online. Also included on the site are links to various congregations and conferences in Latin America as well as to Anabaptist seminaries in Latin America.<br />
<br />
==Archives and Libraries==<br />
*[http://www.goshen.edu/mhl/Home Mennonite Historical Library (MHL)]<br />
<br />
::The MHL is a research level library located on [http://www.goshen.edu/ Goshen College's] campus in Goshen, Indiana that collects printed texts and images on topics related to the Radical Reformation, including the Anabaptists, Hutterites, Mennonites, Amish and various related groups. The MHL has many resources on Mennonite groups in the Caribbean, Central and South America. To contact the MHL email mhl@goshen.edu or call (574) 535-7418.<br />
<br />
*There are many archives and libraries throughout the Caribbean, Central and South America relating to specific countries or Anabaptist related groups. To learn more about these archives and libraries click on the [[#Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups|country links]] above.<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
[http://www.amlac.org.ar/ Agrupación Menonita Latinoamericana de Comunicaciones]<br />
<br />
[http://www.cemta.org.py/ Centro Evangélico Mennonita de Teología Asunción (CEMTA), Paraguay]<br />
<br />
[http://www.casm.hn/ Comisión de Acción Social Menonita, Honduras]<br />
<br />
[http://www.puertachile.cl/index2.htm Corporación Cristiana Anabaptista: "Puerta del Rebaño," Chile]<br />
<br />
[http://www.fidelis.edu.br/home.htm Faculdade FIDELIS, Brazil]<br />
<br />
[http://www.menonitas.org.ar/ Iglesia Anabautista Menonita de Buenos Aires, Argentina]<br />
<br />
[http://200.58.179.174/iembolivia/index.php?option=com_content&view=frontpage&Itemid=1 Iglesia Evangélica Menonita Boliviana]<br />
<br />
[http://www.iglesiamenonitadecolombia.org/ Iglesia Menonita de Colombia]<br />
<br />
[http://www.justapaz.org/ JustaPaz, Colombia]<br />
<br />
[http://www.goshen.edu/mhl/Home Mennonite Historical Library]<br />
<br />
[http://www.semilla.org.gt/index.html Seminario Anabautista Latinoamericano (SEMILLA), Guatemala] <br />
<br />
[http://www.iglesiamenonitadecolombia.org/ministerios/seminario/index.shtml Seminario Bíblico Menonita de Colombia]<br />
<br />
==Citations==<br />
<references/></div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Caribbean,_Central_and_South_America&diff=2266Caribbean, Central and South America2010-02-20T15:34:29Z<p>Harms.Matt: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Regions]]<br />
{{Languages}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox<br />
|Box title = Caribbean, Central and South America<br />
|image = Image:Map-latin_america_good.png<br />
|imagewidth = 300<br />
|caption = Caribbean, Central and South America: Wikimedia Commons, 2009<br />
|Row 1 title = Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups Formally Associated with [[Mennonite World Conference|MWC]]<br />
|Row 1 info = <center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
26<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
</center><br />
}}<br />
<br />
In the '''Caribbean, Central and South America''' there are (2009) 26 countries with Anabaptist-related groups associated with [[Mennonite World Conference]].<ref>"2006 Mennonite World Conference Directory for Caribbean, Central and South America," ''[[Mennonite World Conference]]''. http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13&Itemid=16 (accessed 22 June 2009).</ref> These groups reflect many different Anabaptist traditions, cultures and practices. Their languages include Creole, English, French, German, Portuguese, and Spanish; and they represent a wide variety of ethnic groups (including Swiss-South German, Russian, Latino, and indigenous peoples). Mennonites came to the Caribbean, Central and South America in several different waves. In the early decades of the twentieth century, Russian Mennonites seeking religious liberty arrived from Canada, and then from Russia where they fled persecution under Bolshevik and Stalinist rule. In later decades, Mennonite communities in the Caribbean, Central and South America have emerged as a result of North American and Russian Mennonite missionary efforts among indigenous peoples, and through immigration by Amish and Old Order Mennonite groups in North America seeking economic opportunities and cultural isolation.<br />
<br />
==Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups==<br />
In 2006 there were 24 countries in the Caribbean, Central and South America with Anabaptist-related groups officially associated with [[Mennonite World Conference]]:<br />
<br />
{|cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0"<br />
|style="vertical-align: top"| <br />
* [[Argentina]]<br />
* [[The Bahamas]]<br />
* [[Belize]]<br />
* [[Bolivia]]<br />
* [[Brazil]]<br />
* [[Colombia]]<br />
* [[Costa Rica]]<br />
* [[Cuba]]<br />
* [[Dominican Republic]]<br />
* [[Iglesia Evangélica Menonita Ecuatoriana, Ecuador|Ecuador (Iglesia Evangélica Menonita Ecuatoriana)]]<br />
* [[El Salvador]]<br />
* [[Guatemala]]<br />
|style="vertical-align: top"| <br />
* [[Haiti]]<br />
* [[Honduras]]<br />
* [[Jamaica Mennonite Church|Jamaica (Jamaica Mennonite Church)]]<br />
* [[Mexico]] <br />
* [[Nicaragua]]<br />
* [[Iglesia Evangélica Unida Hermanos Menonitas de Panamá|Panama (Iglesia Evangélica Unida Hermanos Menonitas de Panamá)]]<br />
* [[Paraguay]]<br />
* [[Peru]]<br />
* [[Puerto Rico]]<br />
* [[The Mennonite Church of Trinidad and Tobago|Trinidad and Tobago (The Mennonite Church of Trinidad and Tobago)]]<br />
* [[Uruguay]]<br />
* [[Venezuela]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Other Regions==<br />
''Click on the links below to learn about Anabaptist-related groups in other parts of the world'': <br />
<br />
* [[Africa]]<br />
* [[Asia and Pacific]]<br />
* [[Europe]]<br />
* [[North America (United States and Canada)]]<br />
<br />
==Electronic Resources==<br />
*[[Media:2006mbictotal.pdf|2006 Mennonite and Brethren in Christ World Membership]]<br />
<br />
*[[Media:2006_MWC_Directory_for_Caribbean,_Central_and_South_America.pdf|2006 Mennonite World Conference Directory for Caribbean, Central and South America]]<br />
<br />
==Annotated Bibliography==<br />
*''Agrupación Menonita Latinoamericana de Comunicaciones''. http://www.amlac.org.ar/ (accessed 24 June 2009).<br />
<br />
::This is the official website for the Agrupación Menonita Latinoamericana de Comunicaciones (Latin American Mennonite Association for Communication). The website is an excellent resource for information about the various branches of the Anabaptist church in Latin America. It includes sections describing the association and its history. Additionally, twice a month the group posts a news bulletin online. Also included on the site are links to various congregations and conferences in Latin America as well as to Anabaptist seminaries in Latin America.<br />
<br />
==Archives and Libraries==<br />
*[http://www.goshen.edu/mhl/Home Mennonite Historical Library (MHL)]<br />
<br />
::The MHL is a research level library located on [http://www.goshen.edu/ Goshen College's] campus in Goshen, Indiana that collects printed texts and images on topics related to the Radical Reformation, including the Anabaptists, Hutterites, Mennonites, Amish and various related groups. The MHL has many resources on Mennonite groups in the Caribbean, Central and South America. To contact the MHL email mhl@goshen.edu or call (574) 535-7418.<br />
<br />
*There are many archives and libraries throughout the Caribbean, Central and South America relating to specific countries or Anabaptist related groups. To learn more about these archives and libraries click on the [[#Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups|country links]] above.<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
[http://www.amlac.org.ar/ Agrupación Menonita Latinoamericana de Comunicaciones]<br />
<br />
[http://www.cemta.org.py/ Centro Evangélico Mennonita de Teología Asunción (CEMTA), Paraguay]<br />
<br />
[http://www.casm.hn/ Comisión de Acción Social Menonita, Honduras]<br />
<br />
[http://www.puertachile.cl/index2.htm Corporación Cristiana Anabaptista: "Puerta del Rebaño," Chile]<br />
<br />
[http://www.fidelis.edu.br/home.htm Faculdade FIDELIS, Brazil]<br />
<br />
[http://www.menonitas.org.ar/ Iglesia Anabautista Menonita de Buenos Aires, Argentina]<br />
<br />
[http://200.58.179.174/iembolivia/index.php?option=com_content&view=frontpage&Itemid=1 Iglesia Evangélica Menonita Boliviana]<br />
<br />
[http://www.iglesiamenonitadecolombia.org/ Iglesia Menonita de Colombia]<br />
<br />
[http://www.justapaz.org/ JustaPaz, Colombia]<br />
<br />
[http://www.goshen.edu/mhl/Home Mennonite Historical Library]<br />
<br />
[http://www.semilla.org.gt/index.html Seminario Anabautista Latinoamericano (SEMILLA), Guatemala] <br />
<br />
[http://www.iglesiamenonitadecolombia.org/ministerios/seminario/index.shtml Seminario Bíblico Menonita de Colombia]<br />
<br />
==Citations==<br />
<references/></div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Category:Sources&diff=2265Category:Sources2010-02-20T15:31:08Z<p>Harms.Matt: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages}}<br />
<br />
This page helps organize sources on the Global Anabaptist Wiki. Below is a geographic and alphabetic listing of sources. Upload public domain sources through this site to share them with the global Anabaptist community. Click on the following link to learn how to [[Anabaptistwiki:Sources#Adding sources|contribute sources]]. <br />
<br />
When you add content, create a link under the appropriate region and country section headers. If the country from which your source originates is not listed, please create a section header for it under the appropriate region using the following code: <code><nowiki>===Your Country's Name===</nowiki></code>.<br />
<br />
=Sources by location=<br />
<br />
==Africa==<br />
<br />
==Asia and Pacific==<br />
<br />
==Caribbean, Central and South America==<br />
<br />
==Europe==<br />
===Switzerland===<br />
[[Schleitheim Confession]]<br />
<br />
==North America (United States and Canada)==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Content]]</div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Anabaptistwiki:Sources&diff=2264Anabaptistwiki:Sources2010-02-20T15:28:01Z<p>Harms.Matt: /* Adding sources */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages}}<br />
<br />
We envision the Global Anabaptist Wiki to become a major site for primary sources related to the Anabaptist-Mennonite tradition: from the 16th century to the present and in a wide variety of languages. Please post any public domain sources you think might be of interest to other users of AnabaptistWiki. Our staff will help to sort and organize source material into appropriate categories as it is added. Click [[:Category:Sources|here]] to view sources.<br />
<br />
==Adding sources==<br />
To add a source, first go to the [[:Category:Sources|Sources]] page and click the "edit" tab. Insert a link to your source under the section for your region and country using the following code: <code><nowiki>[[Your Source Title]]</nowiki></code>. This will create a red link (meaning the article does not exist yet). Follow this link to create a new page for your source. <br />
<br />
After inserting your source material, be sure to insert the following code at the bottom of the page <code><nowiki>[[Category:Sources]]</nowiki></code>. This will create a link to your source material on the [[:Category:Sources|sources category page]]. <br />
<br />
If you are adding source material in a language other than English (To learn about creating pages in languages other than English read about our [[Anabaptistwiki:Language policy|language policy]]), add a language code to the end of the category code to create a link to the source in the appropriate sources category language page. For example, if you write a story in Spanish, you should insert the following code at the bottom of the page <code><nowiki>[[Category:Sources/es]]</nowiki></code>. This will create a link to your story on the category page for all stories written in Spanish.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Policy]]</div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Anabaptistwiki:Sources&diff=2263Anabaptistwiki:Sources2010-02-20T15:27:33Z<p>Harms.Matt: /* Adding sources */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages}}<br />
<br />
We envision the Global Anabaptist Wiki to become a major site for primary sources related to the Anabaptist-Mennonite tradition: from the 16th century to the present and in a wide variety of languages. Please post any public domain sources you think might be of interest to other users of AnabaptistWiki. Our staff will help to sort and organize source material into appropriate categories as it is added. Click [[:Category:Sources|here]] to view sources.<br />
<br />
==Adding sources==<br />
To add a source, first go to the [[:Category:Sources|Sources]] page and click the "edit" tab. Insert a link to your source under the section for your region and country using the following code: <code><nowiki>[[Your Source Title]]</nowiki></code>. This will create a red link (meaning the article does not exist yet). Follow this link to create a new page for your source. <br />
<br />
After uploading your source material, be sure to insert the following code at the bottom of the page <code><nowiki>[[Category:Sources]]</nowiki></code>. This will create a link to your source material on the [[:Category:Sources|sources category page]]. <br />
<br />
If you are adding source material in a language other than English (To learn about creating pages in languages other than English read about our [[Anabaptistwiki:Language policy|language policy]]), add a language code to the end of the category code to create a link to the source in the appropriate sources category language page. For example, if you write a story in Spanish, you should insert the following code at the bottom of the page <code><nowiki>[[Category:Sources/es]]</nowiki></code>. This will create a link to your story on the category page for all stories written in Spanish.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Policy]]</div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Anabaptistwiki:Sources&diff=2262Anabaptistwiki:Sources2010-02-20T15:23:13Z<p>Harms.Matt: /* Adding sources */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages}}<br />
<br />
We envision the Global Anabaptist Wiki to become a major site for primary sources related to the Anabaptist-Mennonite tradition: from the 16th century to the present and in a wide variety of languages. Please post any public domain sources you think might be of interest to other users of AnabaptistWiki. Our staff will help to sort and organize source material into appropriate categories as it is added. Click [[:Category:Sources|here]] to view sources.<br />
<br />
==Adding sources==<br />
To add a source, first go to the [[:Category:Sources|Sources]] page and click the "edit" tab. Insert a link to your source under the section for your region and country using the following code: <code><nowiki>[[Your Source Title]]</nowiki></code>. This will create a red link (meaning the article does not exist yet). Follow this link to create a new page for your source. <br />
<br />
After uploading your source material, be sure to insert the following code at the bottom of the page <code><nowiki>[[Category:Sources]]</nowiki></code>. This will create a link to your source material on the [[:Category:Sources|sources category page]]. <br />
<br />
If you are adding source material in a language other than English (To learn how to create a page in a language other than English click here), add a language code to the end of the category code to create a link to the source in the appropriate sources category language page. For example, if you write a story in Spanish, you should insert the following code at the bottom of the page <code><nowiki>[[Category:Sources/es]]</nowiki></code>. This will create a link to your story on the category page for all stories written in Spanish. Click on the following link for more information about the Global Anabaptist Wiki's [[Anabaptistwiki:Language policy|language policy]].<br />
<br />
[[Category:Policy]]</div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Schleitheim_Confession_(source)&diff=2261Schleitheim Confession (source)2010-02-20T15:12:49Z<p>Harms.Matt: /* Acknowledgments */</p>
<hr />
<div>Schleitheim Confession (Anabaptist, 1527)<br />
Brotherly Union of a number of children of God concerning Seven Articles (The Schleitheim Confession)<br />
<br />
1. Notice concerning baptism.<br />
<br />
2. We have been united as follows concerning the ban.<br />
<br />
3. Concerning the breaking of bread...<br />
<br />
4. We have been united concerning the separation... which the devil has planted in this world...<br />
<br />
5. We have been united as follows concerning shepherds in the church of God.<br />
<br />
6. We have been united as follows concerning the sword.<br />
<br />
7. We have been united as follows concerning the oath.<br />
<br />
==The Cover Letter==<br />
<br />
Congregational Order<br />
<br />
1. The brothers and sisters shall meet at least three or four times a week.<br />
<br />
2. They shall take up something to read and the one to whom God has given the best understanding shall explain it.<br />
<br />
3. Let none be frivolous in the house of God.<br />
<br />
4. When a brother sees his brother erring, he shall warn him according to the command of Christ.<br />
<br />
5. None shall have anything of his own, but as the Christians in the time of the apostles held all things common...<br />
<br />
6. All gluttony shall be avoided among the brothers who are gathered in the congregation.<br />
<br />
7. The Lord's supper shall be held, as often as the brothers are together.<br />
<br />
The Cover Letter [Introductory]<br />
<br />
May joy, peace, mercy from our Father, through the atonement<ref>A most significant concept in the thought of Michael Sattler is that of Vereinigung, which, according to the context, must be translated in many different ways. In the title we render it "Union"; here in the salutation it can most naturally be translated "reconciliation" or "atonement"; later in the text, in the passive participle form, it will mean "to be brought to unity." Thus the same word can be used for the reconciling work of Jesus Christ, for the procedure whereby brothers come to a common mind, for the state of agreement in which they find themselves, and for the document which states the agreement to which they have come. Heinold Fast suggests that here, in connection with "the blood of Christ,' the meaning might be "fellowship"; cf: 1 Corinthians 10:16.</ref> of the blood of Christ Jesus, together with the gift of the Spirit -- who is sent by the Father to all believers to [give] strength and consolation and constance in all tribulation until the end, Amen, be with all who love God and all children of light, who are scattered everywhere, wherever they might have been placed<ref>Or, literally, "ordered"; the rendering of J. C. Wenger, "scattered everywhere as it has been ordained of God our Father," is a good paraphrase if "ordained" may be understood without sacramental or predestinarian connotations.</ref> by God our Father, wherever they might be gathered in unity of spirit in one God and Father of us all; grace and peace of heart be with you all. Amen.<br />
<br />
Beloved brothers and sisters in the Lord; first and primordially we are always concerned for your consolation and the assurance of your conscience (which was sometime confused), so that you might not always be separated from us as aliens and by right almost completely excluded,<ref>This term "aliens" or "foreigners" was interpreted by Cramer BRN, 605, note 1, in the geographic or political sense, as referring to non-Swiss. Kiwiet, Pilgram Marpeck, Kassel, 1959, p. 44, takes for granted the same meaning and says more sharply that at Schleitheim the Swiss Anabaptists broke communion with the German ones. This understanding is impossible for several reasons: <br />
* There was no such strong sense of national identity, divided on clear geographic lines, in the 1520s; <br />
* Sattler and Reublin, leaders in the meeting, were not Swiss; <br />
* The libertines whom Schleitheim had in mind, although Denck (or Bucer) might have been included, were (if Anabaptist) surely mostly Swiss; namely, the enthusiasts of St. Gall (H. Fast "Die Sonderstellung der Täufer in St. Gallen and Appenzell," Zwingliana XI, 1960, pp. 223 ff.), and Ludwig Hätzer. <br />
<br />
This term has a quite different reference; it is an allusion to Ephesians 2:12 and 19, testifying to the reconciling effect of the gospel on men who previously had been alienated by unbelief.</ref> but that you might turn to the true implanted members of Christ, who have been armed through patience and the knowledge of self, and thus be again united with us in the power of a godly Christian spirit and zeal for God.<br />
<br />
It is manifest with what manifold cunning the devil has turned us aside, so that he might destroy and cast down the work of God, which in us mercifully and graciously has been partially begun. But the true Shepherd of our souls, Christ, who has begun such in us, will direct and teach<ref>"Direct" and "teach" have as their object "the same," i.e., the "work of God partially begun in us." Wenger's paraphrase, "direct the same and teach [us]" is smoother but weakens the striking image of a "work of God" within man which can be "partially begun," "cast down," "directed," and "taught." There is, however, ground for Böhmer's conjecture that the original may have read keren (guide) rather than leren (teach).</ref> the same unto the end, to His glory and our salvation, Amen.<br />
<br />
Dear brothers and sisters, we who have been assembled in the Lord at Schleitheim on the Randen<ref>The "Langer Randen" and the "Hoher Randen" are hills overlooking Schleitheim and not, as a modern reader might think, a reference to the fact that Schleitheim is near the (contemporary, political) border. <br />
<br />
The original reads "Schlaten am Randen." A good halfdozen villages in southern Germany bear the names Schlat, Schlatt, or Schlatten. One, near Engen in Baden, also is identified as "am Randen," and until recently was held by some to have been the place of origin of the Seven Articles. The evidence, now generally accepted, for Schleitheim near Schaffhausen, is easily surveyed: <br />
* J. J. Rüger, a Schaffhausen chronicler, writing around 1594, identifies Schleitheim with the Seven Articles; <br />
* In the local dialect, the equivalent of ei in modern German is long a as in Schlaten, whereas the other villages Schlatten or Schlat have a short a; <br />
* Being subject to overlapping jurisdictions and therefore hard to police, the Klettgau, and Schleitheim on its edge, were relatively safe and accessible for Anabaptists and thus a most fitting meeting place linking the major centers in southwest Germany and northeast Switzerland. This was the first area where Sattler's colleague W. Reublin had been active after his expulsion from Zürich early in 1525. This juridical situation continued through the century; Anabaptism was still alive in the Kühtal above Schleitheim as late as Ruger's writing. <br />
* Professor F. Blanke reviews the question of place in Z, VI, pp. 104 f.; cf. also Werner Pletscher, "Wo Entstand das Bekenntnis von 1527?" MGB, V, 1940, pp. 20 f.</ref> make known, in points and articles, unto all that love God, that as far as we are concerned, we have been united<ref>According to Bohmer, one line of print was misplaced in imprint A. The text seems to say literally, "we were assembled in points and articles." The verb here is again "vereinigt." The "points and articles" may well have stood elsewhere in the sentence in the original text: "we have been united in points and articles" or "to stand fast in the Lord in these points and articles." Wenger's translation, "we are of one mind to abide in the Lord" is the best paraphrase but sacrifices the passive verbal construction which is important to the writer.</ref> to stand fast in the Lord as obedient children of God, sons and daughters, who have been and shall be separated from the world in all that we do and leave undone, and (the praise and glory be to God alone) uncontradicted by all the brothers, completely at peace.<ref>Beginning with the parenthesis "(the praise and glory be to God alone)," the closing phrases of this paragraph refer not simply to a common determination to be faithful to the Lord, but much more specifically to the actual Schleitheim experience and the sense of unity (Vereinigung) which the members had come to in the course of the meeting. "Without contradiction of all the brothers" is the formal description and "completely at peace" is the subjective definition of this sense of Holy Spirit guidance. Zwingli considered the very report that "we have come together" to be the proof of the culpable, sectarian, conspiratorial character of Anabaptism (Elenchus, Z, VI, p. 56).</ref> Herein we have sensed the unity of the Father and of our common Christ as present with us in their Spirit. For the Lord is a Lord of peace and not of quarreling, as Paul indicates.<ref>1 Corinthians 14:33.</ref> So that you understand at what points this occurred, you should observe and understand [what follows]:<br />
<br />
A very great offense has been introduced by some false brothers among us,<ref>Ds. H. W. Meihuizen has recently asked with great thoroughness "Who were the `False Brethren' mentioned in the Schleitheim Articles?" (MQR, XLI, 1967, pp. 200 ff.). Meihuizen s method is to survey the entire Reformation scene, Anabaptists of all shadings as well as Reformers, especially those at Strasbourg whom Sattler had recently left. Comparing the known theological positions of these men with the Schleitheim statements, Meihuizen concludes that Schleitheim must have been aimed against Denck, Hubmaier, Hut, Hätzer, Bucer, and Capito. One can agree with this description of the positions in question, without being convinced that the meeting was this clearly directed against a few particular men who were specifically not invited. If any one person was meant, if would most likely be Hätzer, whom Sattler had just been with in Strasbourg, and who was the only one of these who could be accused of libertinistic leanings. For present purposes, i.e., in order to understand the meaning of this document, it suffices to be clear from the internal evidence (in agreement with Meihuizen): <br />
* That some persons previously attached to some of the positions condemned were present at Schleitheim in order to be participants in the event of "being brought to unity"; the "false brothers" referred to by the cover letter were therefore not only state-church Reformers but at least some of them were within Anabaptism;<br />
* That the greatest emphasis in the Seven Articles themselves falls on those points of ultimate theological separateness from the Reformed: baptism, relation between ban and the supper, sword, oath. Here the list is so parallel to the document from Strasbourg that one surmises that Sattler may have been developing his outline already when he was at Strasbourg; <br />
* That in the juxtaposition of the cover letter and the Seven Articles, Sattler affirms an inner linkage between the positions of the marginal Anabaptists and Spiritualists who differed from the Zurich-Schleitheim stream, and those of the evangelical Reformers.</ref> whereby several have turned away from the faith, thinking to practice and observe the freedom of the Spirit and of Christ. But such have fallen short of the truth and (to their own condemnation)<ref>H. W. Meihuizen reads the phrase "to their own condemnation" as meaning that the Schleitheim assembly took action to excommunicate the libertines whom the text here refers to. "The Concept of Restitution in the Anabaptism of Northwestern Europe," MQR, Vol. XLIV, April 1970, p. 149. This is not possible. The verb ergeben refers to the libertines' abandoning themselves to lasciviousness, not to the Anabaptists' action. In order to enable this interpretation Meihuizen must omit the parentheses which are in the original.</ref> are given over to the lasciviousness and license of the flesh. They have esteemed that faith and love may do and permit everything and that nothing can harm nor condemn them, since they are "believers."<br />
<br />
Note well, you members<ref>"Glieder" (members) has in German only the meaning related to the image of the body; the overtone of "membership" in a group, which makes the phrase "members of God" unusual in modern English, is not present in the original.</ref> of God in Christ Jesus, that faith in the heavenly Father through Jesus Christ is not thus formed; it produces and brings forth no such things as these false brothers and sisters practice and teach. Guard yourselves and be warned of such people, for they do not serve our Father, but their father, the devil.<br />
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But for you it is not so; for they who are Christ's have crucified their flesh with all its lusts and desires.<ref>Galatians 5:24.</ref> You understand me<ref>The use of the first person singular here is the demonstration that the introductory letter was written, probably after the meeting, by an individual.</ref> well, and [know] the brothers whom we mean. Separate yourselves from them, for they are perverted. Pray the Lord that they may have knowledge unto repentance, and for us that we may have constance to persevere along the path we have entered upon, unto the glory of God and of Christ His Son. Amen.<ref>This is the conclusion of the introductory letter and of the epistolary style. The "cover letter" is not in the Bern manuscript, and the Seven Articles probably circulated most often without it.</ref><br />
<br />
==The Seven Articles==<br />
<br />
The articles we have dealt with, and in which we have been united,<ref>With one exception, every article begins with the same use of the word vereinigt as a passive participle, which we have rendered thus literally as a reminder of the meaning of Vereinigung for Sattler.</ref> are these: baptism, ban, the breaking of bread, separation from abomination, shepherds in the congregation, the sword, the oath.<br />
<br />
I. Notice concerning baptism. Baptism shall be given to all those who have been taught repentance and the amendment of life and [who] believe truly that their sins are taken away through Christ, and to all those who desire to walk in the resurrection of Jesus Christ and be buried with Him in death, so that they might rise with Him; to all those who with such an understanding themselves desire and request it from us; hereby is excluded all infant baptism, the greatest and first abomination of the pope. For this you have the reasons and the testimony of the writings and the practice of the apostles.<ref> Here the printed version identifies the following Scripture texts (giving chapter number only): Matthew 28:19; Mark 16:6; Acts 2:38; Acts 8:36; Acts 16:31-33; 19:4.</ref> We wish simply yet resolutely and with assurance to hold to the same.<br />
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II. We have been united as follows concerning the ban. The ban shall be employed with all those who have given themselves over to the Lord, to walk after [Him]<ref>Nachwandeln, to walk after, is the nearest approximation in the Schleitheim text to the concept of discipleship (Nachfolge) which was later to become especially current among Anabaptists.</ref> in His commandments; those who have been baptized into the one body of Christ, and let themselves be called brothers or sisters, and still somehow slip and fall into error and sin, being inadvertently overtaken.<ref>Two interpretations of this phrase are possible. "To be inadvertently overtaken" might be a description of falling into sin, parallel to the earlier phrase "somehow slip and fall." This would mean that sin is for the Christian disciple partly a matter of ignorance or inattention. Cramer, BRN, p. 607, note 2, and Jenny, p. 55, seek to explain that all sin is somehow inadvertent; i.e., that at the time of a sinful decision one is deceived and not fully aware of its gravity. Calvin (with some grounds in the phrasing of the French translation) misunderstood this text to mean that the Anabaptists would distinguish between forgivable and unforgivable sins, with only the inadvertent ones being within the scope of the congregation's reconciling concern. Or the reference may be to the way the guilty person was discovered.</ref> The same [shall] be warned twice privately and the third time be publicly admonished before the entire congregation<ref>The printed version inserts" or banned."</ref> according to the command of Christ (Matthew 18).<ref>The printed version inserts" or banned."</ref> But this shall be done according to the ordering of the Spirit of God before the breaking of bread.<ref>At this point Walter Köhler, the editor of the printed version, suggests the text Matthew 5:23. If "the ordering of the spirit" relates specifically to "before the breaking of bread" and means to point to a Scripture text, this could be a likely one; or 1 Corinthians 11 could also possibly be alluded to; but "ordering of the spirit" is not the usual way in which the Anabaptists refer to a Bible quotation. The phrase can also mean a call for a personal and flexible attitude, guided by the Holy Spirit, in the application of the concern for reconciliation.</ref> so that we may all in one spirit and in one love break and eat from one bread and drink from one cup.<br />
<br />
III. Concerning the breaking of bread, we have become one and agree<ref>This is the one point at which the word vereinigt is not used at the beginning of an article, presumably because it occurs later in the same sentence.</ref> thus: all those who desire to break the one bread in remembrance of the broken body of Christ and all those who wish to drink of one drink in remembrance of the shed blood of Christ, they must beforehand be united<ref>Vereinigt: here the word has none of the meanings detailed above, but points to still another; to the work of God in constituting the unity of the Christian church.</ref> in the one body of Christ, that is the congregation of God, whose head is Christ, and that by baptism. For as Paul indicates,<ref>1 Corinthians 10:21. Some texts have here "Saint Paul."</ref> we cannot be partakers at the same time of the table of the Lord and the table of devils. Nor can we at the same time partake and drink of the cup of the Lord and the cup of devils. That is: all those who have fellowship with the dead works of darkness have no part in the light. Thus all those who follow the devil and the world, have no part with those who have been called out of the world unto God. All those who lie in evil have no part in the good.<br />
<br />
So it shall and must be, that whoever does not share the calling of the one God to one faith, to one baptism, to one spirit, to one body together with all the children of God, may not be made one loaf together with them, as must be true if one wishes truly to break bread according to the command of Christ<ref>Most ecumenical debate about the validity of sacraments focuses upon either the sacramental status of the officiant or the doctrinal understanding of the meaning of the emblems. It should be pointed out that the Anabaptist understanding of close communion refers not to the sacrament but to the participants. It is invalidated not by an unauthorized officiant or an insufficient concept of sacrament, but by the absence of real community among those present.</ref>.<br />
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IV. We have been united concerning the separation that shall take place from the evil and the wickedness which the devil has planted in the world, simply in this; that we have no fellowship with them,<ref>Note the shift from "world" to "they." "The world" is not discussed independently of the people constituting the unregenerate order.</ref> and do not run with them in the confusion of their abominations. So it is; since all who have not entered into the obedience of faith and have not united themselves with God so that they will to do His will, are a great abomination before God, therefore nothing else can or really will grow or spring forth from them than abominable things. Now there is nothing else in the world and all creation than good or evil, believing and unbelieving, darkness and light, the world and those who are [come] out of the world, God's temple and idols. Christ and Belial, and none will have part with the other.<br />
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To us, then, the commandment of the Lord is also obvious, whereby He orders us to be and to become separated from the evil one, and thus He will be our God and we shall be His sons and daughters.<ref>2 Corinthians 6:17.</ref><br />
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Further, He admonishes us therefore to go out from Babylon and from the earthly Egypt, that we may not be partakers in their torment and suffering, which the Lord will bring upon them.<ref>Revelation 18:4 ff. Some texts read "which the Lord intends to bring upon them."</ref><br />
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From all this we should learn that everything which has not been united<ref>Vereinigt.</ref> with our God in Christ is nothing but an abomination which we should shun.<ref>The printed version adds "and flee."</ref> By this are meant all popish and repopish<ref>The prefix wider can mean either "counter" or "re-" (modern wieder-). Both meanings of course apply to the Reformation churches of Strasbourg and the Swiss cities, which are meant here; they are both anti-popish (having broken with the Roman communion) and re-popish (having retained or reinstated certain characteristics of Catholicism). Earlier translations have chosen the rendering "papist and anti-papist," but the other reading carries a greater pointedness of meaning and is supported by Zwingli's translation. Thus the claim that the new Protestant churches are at some points copies of what was wrong with Catholicism is already taken for granted in early 1527.</ref> works and idolatry,<ref>Götzendienst. The Bern manuscript and the early prints read Gottesdienst ("worship"); but Zwingli, who had other manuscripts as well, translated "idolatry." Since the next two words both deal with church attendance, "idolatry" is less redundant. "Idolatry" was a current designation in the whole Zwinglian movement for the place of statues and pictures in Catholic worship.</ref> gatherings, church attendance<ref>Kirchgang, literally meaning church attendance, has no congregational dimension to it but refers to the conformity to established patterns of those who, while perhaps sympathizing with the Anabaptists, still avoided any public reproach by regularly being seen at the state church functions.</ref>, winehouses, guarantees and commitments of unbelief,<ref>The Bern manuscript reads Burgschaft, i.e., a guarantee or security supporting a promise, and belongs in the economic and social realm. If "unbelief" here refers to a lack of sincerity, then the "guarantees and commitments of unbelief" would mean such matters as signing notes and mortgages and affidavits in less than good faith. Martin Luther held strongly that such guarantees, even in good faith, were not only unwise but immoral since the guarantor puts himself in the place of God. ("On Trading and Usury, 1524," in Works of Martin Luther, Muhlenburg, Philadelphia, 1931, Vol. IV, pp. 9 ff). His argument is thus very parallel to that of the Anabaptists on the oath. A more likely view is that "unbelief" is synonymous with "worldly," and the reference is rather to guilds and social clubs. Zwingli translates with foedera, "covenants." Bullinger bears out this interpretation by reprimanding the Anabaptists at length (Von dem unverschampten Fräfel. . . , pp. cxxi to cxxviii) for their opposition to associations and societies (pündtnussen and gselschafften), concord and friendship (vertrag unnd früntschafft) with unbelievers, and seemly temporal joy (zymliche zytliche fröud). The later printed text changed Burgshaft to Bürgeschaft (citizenship), which is less in place in Art. IV. In April 1527 Zwingli was unsure what it meant but leaned toward "serving as a guarantor" (Z, IX, p. 112); by August when he wrote the Elenchus he interpreted it as "citizenship," perhaps as referring to the Anabaptists' refusal to perform the citizen's oath. But if Bürgerschaft should mean citizenship, the "commitments of unbelief" still must mean some kind of involvement, legal, economic, or social, with unbelievers (Z, VI, p. 121). Luke 16:15's reference to "abominations" may be alluded to.</ref> and other things of the kind, which the world regards highly, and yet which are carnal or flatly counter to the command of God, after the pattern of all the iniquity which is in the world. From all this we shall be separated and have no part with such, for they are nothing but abominations, which cause us to be hated before our Christ Jesus, who has freed us from the servitude of the flesh and fitted us for the service of God and the Spirit whom He has given us.<br />
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Thereby shall also<ref>The printed version adds "doubtless."</ref> fall away from us the<ref>The printed version reads "unchristian and."</ref> diabolical weapons of violence--such as sword, armor, and the like, and all of their use to protect friends or against enemies--by virtue of the word of Christ: "you shall not resist evil."<ref>Matthew 5:39.</ref><br />
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V. We have been united as follows concerning shepherds in the church of God. The shepherd in the church shall be a person according to the rule of Paul,<ref> 1 Timothy 3:7. Interpreters are not clear where the focus of Art. V lies. Its first thrust is a call for the shepherd to be a morally worthy person, i.e., a critique of the practice of his being appointed on the grounds of his education or social connections without regard to moral stature. Zwingli's translation moves the accent by translating "the shepherd should be one from the congregation," i.e., not someone from elsewhere. As Zwingli knew, the Anabaptists also rejected the naming of a minister to a parish by a distant city council, and he let that knowledge influence his translation.</ref> fully and completely, who has a good report of those who are outside the faith. The office of such a person shall be to read and exhort and teach. warn, admonish, or ban in the congregation, and properly to preside among the sisters and brothers in prayer, and in the breaking of bread,<ref>The printed version adds, "to lead the brothers and sisters in prayer, to begin to break bread ...."</ref> and in all things to take care of the body of Christ, that it may be built up and developed, so that the name of God might be praised and honored through us, and the mouth of the mocker be stopped.<br />
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He shall be supported, wherein he has need, by the congregation which has chosen him, so that he who serves the gospel can also live therefrom, as the Lord has ordered.<ref>1 Corinthians 9:14.</ref> But should a shepherd do something worthy of reprimand, nothing shall be done with him without the voice of two or three witnesses. If they sin they shall be publicly reprimanded, so that others might fear.<ref> The change in number here from "a shepherd" to "if they sin" is explained by the fact that this sentence is a quotation from 1 Timothy 5:20.</ref><br />
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But if the shepherd should be driven away or led to the Lord by the cross,<ref>"Cross" is already by this time a very clear cliché or "technical term" designating martyrdom.</ref> at the same hour another shall be ordained<ref>Perhaps "installed" would be less open to the sacramental misunderstanding. Verordnet has no sacramental meaning.</ref> to his place, so that the little folk and the little flock of God may not be destroyed, but be preserved by warning and be consoled.<br />
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VI. We have been united as follows concerning the sword. The sword is an ordering of God outside the perfection of Christ. It punishes and kills the wicked and guards and protects the good. In the law the sword is established<ref>"Law" here is a specific reference to the Old Testament. Significantly the verb here is not verordnet but merely geordnet; conveying even less of a sense of 27 permanence or of specific divine institution. It should be noted that in this entire discussion "sword" refers to the judicial and police powers of the state; there is no reference to war in Art. VI; there had been a brief one in Art. IV.</ref> over the wicked for punishment and for death and the secular rulers are established to wield the same.<br />
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But within the perfection of Christ only the ban is used for the admonition and exclusion of the one who has sinned, without the death of the flesh,<ref>"Without the death of the flesh" is the clear reading of the earliest manuscript. Zwingli, however, understood it "toward the putting to death of the flesh," a possible allusion to 1 Corinthians 5; the difference in the original is only between a and o.</ref> simply the warning and the command to sin no more.<br />
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Now many, who do not understand Christ's will for us, will ask; whether a Christian may or should use the sword against the wicked for the protection and defense of the good, or for the sake of love.<br />
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The answer is unanimously revealed: Christ teaches and commands us to learn from Him, for He is meek and lowly of heart and thus we shall find rest for our souls.<ref> Matthew 11:29.</ref> Now Christ says to the woman who was taken in adultery,<ref>John 8:11.</ref> not that she should be stoned according to the law of His Father (and yet He says, "What the Father commanded me, that I do")<ref>John 8:22.</ref> but with mercy and forgiveness and the warning to sin no more, says: "Go, sin no more." Exactly thus should we also proceed, according to the rule of the ban.<br />
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Second, is asked concerning the sword: whether a Christian shall pass sentence in disputes and strife about worldly matters, such as the unbelievers have with one another. The answer: Christ did not wish to decide or pass judgment between brother and brother concerning inheritance, but refused to do so.<ref>Luke 12:13.</ref> So should we also do.<br />
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Third, is asked concerning the sword: whether the Christian should be a magistrate if he is chosen thereto. This is answered thus: Christ was to be made king, but He fled and did not discern the ordinance of His Father.<ref>Two interpretations are possible for "did not discern the ordering of His Father." This may mean that Jesus did not respect, as being an obligation for Him, the service in the state in the office of king, even though the existence of the state is a divine ordinance. More likely would be the interpretation that Jesus did not evaluate the action of the people wanting to make Him king as having been brought about (ordered) by His Father.</ref> Thus we should also do as He did and follow after Him, and we shall not walk in darkness. For He Himself says: "Whoever would come after me, let him deny himself and take up his cross and follow me."<ref>Matthew 16:24.</ref> He Himself further forbids the violence of the sword when He says: "The princes of this world lord it over them etc., but among you it shall not be so."<ref>Matthew 20:25.</ref> Further Paul says, "Whom God has foreknown, the same he has also predestined to be conformed to the image of his Son," etc.<ref>Romans 8:30.</ref> Peter also says: "Christ has suffered (not ruled) and has left us an example, that you should follow after in his steps."<ref>1 Peter 2:21.</ref><br />
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Lastly, one can see in the following points that it does not befit a Christian to be a magistrate: the rule of the government is according to the flesh, that of the Christians according to the Spirit. Their houses and dwelling remain in this world, that of the Christians is in heaven. Their citizenship is in this world, that of the Christians is in heaven.<ref>Philippians 3:20.</ref> The weapons of their battle and warfare are carnal and only against the flesh, but the weapons of Christians are spiritual, against the fortification of the devil. The worldly are armed with steel and iron, but Christians are armed with the armor of God, with truth, righteousness, peace, faith, salvation, and with the Word of God. In sum: as Christ our Head is minded, so also must be minded the members of the body of Christ through Him, so that there be no division in the body, through which it would be destroyed.<ref>Here the printed version adds Matthew 12:25: "For every kingdom divided against itself will be destroyed."</ref> Since then Christ is as is written of Him, so must His members also be the same, so that His body may remain whole and unified for its own advancement and upbuilding. For any kingdom which is divided within itself will be destroyed.<ref>Matthew 12:25.</ref><br />
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VII. We have been united as follows concerning the oath. The oath is a confirmation among those who are quarreling or making promises. In the law it is commanded that it should be done only in the name of God, truthfully and not falsely. Christ, who teaches the perfection of the law, forbids His [followers] all swearing, whether true or false; neither by heaven nor by earth, neither by Jerusalem nor by our head; and that for the reason which He goes on to give: "For you cannot make one hair white or black." You see, thereby all swearing is forbidden. We cannot perform what is promised in the swearing, for we are not able to change the smallest part of ourselves.<ref>Matthew 5:34-37.</ref><br />
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Now there are some who do not believe the simple commandment of God and who say, "But God swore by Himself to Abraham, because He was God (as He promised him that He would do good to him and would be his God if he kept His commandments). Why then should I not swear if I promise something to someone?" The answer: hear what the Scripture says: "God, since he wished to prove overabundantly to the heirs of His promise that His will did not change, inserted an oath so that by two immutable things we might have a stronger consolation (for it is impossible that God should lie").<ref>Hebrews 6:7 ff.</ref> Notice the meaning of the passage: God has the power to do what He forbids you, for everything is possible to Him. God swore an oath to Abraham, Scripture says, in order to prove that His counsel is immutable. That means: no one can withstand and thwart His will; thus He can keep His oath. But we cannot, as Christ said above, hold or perform our oath, therefore we should not swear.<br />
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Others say that swearing cannot be forbidden by God in the New Testament when it was commanded in the Old, but that it is forbidden only to swear by heaven, earth, Jerusalem, and our head. Answer: hear the Scripture. He who swears by heaven, swears by God's throne and by Him who sits thereon.<ref>Matthew 5:35.</ref> Observe: swearing by heaven is forbidden, which is only God's throne; how much more is it forbidden to swear by God Himself. You blind fools, what is greater, the throne or He who sits upon it?<br />
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Others say, if it is then wrong to use God for truth, then the apostles Peter and Paul also swore.<ref>Zwingli's translation fills in the argument here: "if it is bad to swear, or even to use the Lord's name to confirm the truth, then the apostles Peter and Paul sinned: for they swore. "</ref> Answer: Peter and Paul only testify to that which God promised Abraham, whom we long after have received. But when one testifies, one testifies concerning that which is present, whether it be good or evil. Thus Simeon spoke of Christ to Mary and testified: "Behold: this one is ordained for the falling and rising of many in Israel and to be a sign which will be spoken against."<ref>Luke 2:34.</ref><br />
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Christ taught us similarly when He says:<ref> The difference in tense between "taught" and "says" is in the original; it results from the fact that Scripture references are always given in the present: "Christ says," "Paul says," "Peter says."</ref> Your speech shall be yea, yea; and nay, nay; for what is more than that comes of evil. He says, your speech or your word shall be yes and no, so that no one might understand that He had permitted it. Christ is simply yea and nay, and all those who seek Him simply will understand His Word. Amen.<ref>This concludes the Seven Articles.</ref><br />
The Cover Letter<br />
<br />
Dear Brothers and Sisters in the Lord; these are the articles which some brothers previously had understood wrongly and in a way not conformed to the true meaning. Thereby many weak consciences were confused, whereby the name of God has been grossly slandered, for which reason it was needful that we should be brought to agreement<ref>Vereinigt.</ref> in the Lord, which has come to pass. To God be praise and glory!<br />
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Now that you have abundantly understood the will of God as revealed through us at this time, you must fulfill this will, now known, persistently and unswervingly. For you know well what is the reward of the servant who knowingly sins.<br />
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Everything which you have done unknowingly and now confess to have done wrongly, is forgiven you, through that believing prayer, which is offered among us in our meeting for all our shortcomings and guilt, through the gracious forgiveness of God and through the blood of Jesus Christ. Amen.<br />
<br />
Watch out for all who do not walk in simplicity of divine truth, which has been stated by us in this letter in our meeting, so that everyone might be governed among us by the rule of the ban, and that henceforth the entry of false brothers and sisters among us might be prevented.<br />
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Put away from you that which is evil, and the Lord will be your God, and you will be His sons and daughters.<ref>A second reference to 2 Corinthians 6:17.</ref><br />
<br />
Dear brothers, keep in mind what Paul admonished Titus.<ref>Titus 2:11-14.</ref> He says: "The saving grace of God has appeared to all, and disciplines us, that we should deny ungodliness and worldly lusts, and live circumspect righteous and godly lives in this world; awaiting the same hope and the appearing of the glory of the great God and of our Savior Jesus Christ, who gave himself for us, to redeem us from all unrighteousness and to purify unto himself a people of his own, that would be zealous of good works." Think on this, and exercise yourselves therein, and the Lord of peace will be with you.<br />
<br />
May the name of God be forever blessed and greatly praised, Amen. May the Lord give you His peace, Amen.<br />
<br />
Done at Schleitheim, St. Matthew's Day,<ref>February 24.</ref> Anno MDXXVII.<br />
Congregational Order<ref>This document has no title; the title chosen here reflects the label given it in the (modern) table of contents of the volume of archival materials UP 80 in the State Archive of Bern. No earlier full translation into English has been published; the text has been digested by Delbert Gratz, Bernese Anabaptists, Scottdale, 1953, p. 25, and by Robert Friedmann, Mennonite Quarterly Review, 1955, p. 162. Jean Seguy published a translation and commentary in Christ Seul (journal of the French Mennonites) No. 1 (p. 13) and No. 2 (p. 5), 1967. The text seems to be in the same hand as the copy of the Seven Articles so that it may be assumed to have circulated together with them and been seized at the same time. </ref><br />
<br />
Since the almighty eternal and merciful God has made His wonderful light break forth in this world and [in this] most dangerous time, we recognize the mystery of the divine will, that the Word is preached to us according to the proper ordering of the Lord,<ref>May mean either: "in the providence of God the Word is preached to us," whereby "Ordnung" would refer to the workings of God in bringing about Reformation and gospel preaching; or "the Word of God is preached according to the divine pattern," with the emphasis on the rediscovery of the true divinely willed church order. The following "whereby" may accordingly refer either to the preaching or to the proper ordering.</ref> whereby we have been called into His fellowship. Therefore, according to the command of the Lord and the teachings of His apostles, in Christian order, we should observe the new commandment,<ref>1 John 2:8.</ref> in love one toward another, so that love and unity may be maintained, which all brothers and sisters of the entire congregation should agree to hold to as follows:<br />
<br />
1. The brothers and sisters should meet at least three or four times a week, to exercise themselves,<ref>Sich üben: perhaps includes an element of rote learning of gospel narrative and teaching, since literacy and the possession of Bibles was still rare.</ref> in the teaching of Christ and His apostles and heartily to exhort one another to remain faithful to the Lord as they have pledged.<br />
<br />
2. When the brothers and sisters are together, they shall take up something to read together.<ref>"Read" includes exposition. "Readings" had been one of the earliest names given to the study meetings held in Zürich and St. Gall prior to the foundation of Anabaptist congregations.</ref> The one to whom God has given the best understanding shall explain it,<ref>"The one to whom God has given the best understanding shall explain it" may mean that, for every particular passage, whoever understands its meaning should speak up. Then we would have a picture of a meeting with no settled leadership, with no controlling role for the "shepherd" who was called for by Schleitheim Article V. Then one might infer, as does Jean Seguy, that this text testifies to a time before the Schleitheim decisions, when congregations functioned without a named leader. It is, however, also possible that "the one to whom God has given the best understanding" may be a circumlocution for a spontaneously recognized leader in the local group.</ref> the others should be still and listen, so that there are not two or three carrying on a private conversation, bothering the others. The Psalter shall be read daily at home.<ref> This "reading" may well be rote recitation. This reference to the Psalter is one of the very rare early Anabaptist references to non-congregational devotional exercises. It may be a further trace of an inheritance from monasticism.</ref><br />
<br />
3. Let none be frivolous in the church of God, neither in words nor in actions. Good conduct shall be maintained by them all also before the heathen.<ref>1 Timothy 2:8.</ref><br />
<br />
4. When a brother sees his brother erring, he shall warn him according to the command of Christ,<ref>Matthew 18:15, cf. above note 20.</ref> and shall admonish him in a Christian and brotherly way, as everyone is bound and obliged to do out of love.<br />
<br />
5. Of all the brothers and sisters of this congregation none shall have anything of his own, but rather, as the Christians in the time of the apostles held all in common, and especially stored up a common fund, from which aid can be given to the poor, according as each will have need,<ref>The common fund is seen here as a special purse for specific needs, not as a total communism of consumption such as was established not much later in Moravia. It is significant that the non-Hutterian Anabaptists also considered themselves to be following the economic example of the early Jerusalem Christians.</ref> and as in the apostles' time permit no brother to be in need.<br />
<br />
6. All gluttony shall be avoided among the brothers who are gathered in the congregation; serve a soup or a minimum of vegetable and meat, for eating and drinking are not the kingdom of heaven.<ref>Romans 14:17. The assumption that the congregation would frequently gather around a simple meal may be linked to their avoidance of social clubs and guilds (Art. IV.)</ref><br />
<br />
7. The Lord's Supper shall be held, as often as the brothers are together,<ref>The Lord's Supper, specifically identified as such, is evidently distinguished from the rest of the meal, even though both were practiced as often as the brothers met. (Cf. Art. 1). <br />
</ref> thereby proclaiming the death of the Lord, and thereby warning each one to commemorate, how Christ gave His life for us, and shed His blood for us, that we might also be willing to give our body and life for Christ's sake, which means for the sake of all the brothers.<br />
Footnotes<br />
Footnotes to the Schleitheim Confession<br />
<br />
Note: click on the footnote number in the text to bring the footnote into this window.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
<br />
*Augsburger, Myron S. Pilgrim aflame. Scottdale, Pa. : Herald Press, 1973.<br />
<br />
The story of Michael Sattler and the Schleitheim Meeting written in fictionalized form, but based on the historical data.<br />
<br />
*Bender, Harold S. The Anabaptist vision. Scottdale, Pa. : Herald Press, 1944 (many reprints).<br />
<br />
The classic interpretation of sixteenth-century Anabaptism by a great scholar.<br />
<br />
*"Brüderlich Vereinigung." Mennonite Encyclopedia. Scottdale, Pa. : Mennonite Publishing House, 1955-59, v. 1, 447-448.<br />
<br />
An account of the Schleitheim Confession, its background and significance, written by J. C. Wenger.<br />
<br />
*Burkholder, John Richard, and Redekop, Calvin (eds.), Kingdom, cross, and community: essays on Mennonite themes in honor of Guy F. Hershberger. Scottdale, Pa. : Herald Press, 1976.<br />
<br />
An attempt to test the winds and discern the Mennonite vision and direction during the 1970s in those areas where disciple meets disciple, and church meets world. A companion volume to the distinguished classic, The Recovery of the Anabaptist Vision (see listing below under "Hershberger" ), both of which are consciously based upon a common faith and experience.<br />
<br />
*Friedmann, Robert, "The Schleitheim Confession (1527) and other doctrinal writings of the Swiss Brethren in a hitherto unknown edition," Mennonite Quarterly Review, 16 (April 1942), 82-98.<br />
<br />
Friedmann was one of the first North American scholars to recognize the true value of the Schleitheim Confession: J. C. Wenger soon followed with an English translation of the Confession three years later (MQR, 19 [October 1945], 244-253).<br />
<br />
*Good, Merle. These people mine. Scottdale, Pa. : Herald Press, 1973.<br />
<br />
Within a handful of beautiful vignettes, the author sketches poetically and dramatically the whole spectrum of Anabaptist and Mennonite history. One vignette is an eloquent testimonial, "The Birth at Schleitheim."<br />
<br />
*Gospel herald (22 February 1977).<br />
<br />
A special section on "Schleitheim" prepared in cooperation with the Mennonite Historical Committee.<br />
<br />
*Hershberger, Guy F. (ed.). The recovery of the Anabaptist vision. Scottdale, Pa. : Herald Press, 1957.<br />
<br />
This volume contains a strong set of interpretive essays on the historical significance of Anabaptism and the meaning of this movement for the present time.<br />
<br />
*Martyrs mirror (edited by Thieleman J. van Braght). Scottdale, Pa. : Herald Press, 1951<br />
<br />
Contains the story of Michael Sattler (pp. 416-420). Van Braght's inclusion of the Sattler story in this Dutch work would suggest some influence of Sattler-and of the Schleitheim Confession-upon Low Country Mennonitism. (Indeed, the Schleitheim Confession was translated and published into the Dutch language in 1560, and again in 1565 another clue to the significance of the Schleitheim Confession for Dutch and North German Mennonitism. See above, "Brüderlich Vereinigung," for this documentation.)<br />
<br />
*"The Radicals." Worchester, Pa. : Gateway Files-Vision Videos, 1990?<br />
<br />
Video based on Myron Augsburger's Pilgram aflame. Produced by Sisters and Brothers, Inc., a small Mennonite film company. 99 minutes.<br />
<br />
*"Sattler, Michael." Mennonite Encyclopedia. Scottdale, Pa. : Mennonite Publishing House, 1955-59": v. 4, 427-434.<br />
<br />
This lengthy account is a moving story of the life and significance of Sattler for the development of the Anabaptist-Mennonite movement.<br />
<br />
*"Schleitheim." Mennonite Encyclopedia Scottdale, Pa. : Mennonite Publishing House, 1955-59: v. 4, 460-461.<br />
<br />
This essay presents the background material to the meeting itself of those who created what later would become known as the Schleitheim Confession.<br />
<br />
*Snyder, C. Arnold. The life and thought of Michael Sattler. Scottdale, Pa. : Herald Press, 1984.<br />
<br />
The standard biography on Michael Sattler. It includes analysis of the Schleitheim Confession.<br />
<br />
*Wenger, J.C. Conrad Grebel's Programmatic Letters of 1524. Scottdale, Pa. : Herald Press, 1974.<br />
<br />
Here is the first synthesis of Anabaptist thought, containing the kernel ideas of what later would be incorporated into the Schleitheim Confession.<br />
<br />
*Yoder, John H. The Legacy of Michael Sattler. Scottdale, Pa. : Herald Press, 1973.<br />
<br />
Contains excellent background information to the Schleitheim Confession, which places this most important Confession in its historical and theological setting (see especially pp. 27-34 and 47-48 for an appraisal of how the Schleitheim Confession has been interpreted historically and theologically over the centuries). Also includes other writings of the significant Anabaptist thinker and martyr, Michael Sattler. The volume is central in understanding the idea and setting of the Mennonite faith.<br />
<br />
==Footnotes==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
==Acknowledgments==<br />
Much of the information here was compiled by the [http://www.gameo.org/ Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online].<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sources]]</div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Anabaptistwiki:Sources&diff=2260Anabaptistwiki:Sources2010-02-20T15:09:11Z<p>Harms.Matt: /* Adding sources */</p>
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<div>{{Languages}}<br />
<br />
We envision the Global Anabaptist Wiki to become a major site for primary sources related to the Anabaptist-Mennonite tradition: from the 16th century to the present and in a wide variety of languages. Please post any public domain sources you think might be of interest to other users of AnabaptistWiki. Our staff will help to sort and organize source material into appropriate categories as it is added. Click [[:Category:Sources|here]] to view sources.<br />
<br />
==Adding sources==<br />
To add a source, first go to the [[:Category:Sources|Sources]] page and click the "edit" tab. Insert a link to your story under the section for your region and country using the following code: <code><nowiki>[[Your Source Title]]</nowiki></code>. This will create a red link (meaning the article does not exist yet). Follow this link to a new page and begin writing your story.<br />
<br />
After writing a story, be sure to insert the following code at the bottom of the page <code><nowiki>[[Category:Sources]]</nowiki></code>. This will create a link to your story on the [[:Category:Sources|sources category page]]. <br />
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If you are writing the story in a language other than English, add a language code to the end of the category code to create a link to your story in the appropriate stories category language page. For example, if you write a story in Spanish, you should insert the following code at the bottom of the page <code><nowiki>[[Category:Stories/es]]</nowiki></code>. This will create a link to your story on the category page for all stories written in Spanish. Click on the following link for more information about the Global Anabaptist Wiki's [[Anabaptistwiki:Language policy|language policy]].<br />
<br />
[[Category:Policy]]</div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:North_America_summary.doc&diff=2259File:North America summary.doc2010-02-20T15:06:41Z<p>Harms.Matt: </p>
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<div></div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=North_America_(United_States_and_Canada)&diff=2258North America (United States and Canada)2010-02-20T15:05:46Z<p>Harms.Matt: /* Electronic Resources */</p>
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<div>{{Languages}}<br />
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{{Infobox<br />
|Box title = United States and Canada<br />
|image = Image:BlankMap-USA-states-Canada-provinces.png<br />
|imagewidth = 250<br />
|caption = United States and Canada: Wikimedia Commons, 2007 <br />
|Row 1 title = Number of Anabaptist Related Groups Formally Associated with [[Mennonite World Conference|MWC]]<br />
|Row 1 info = <center>36 (2006)</center><br />
}}<br />
In '''North America''' both the [[United States]] and [[Canada]] have several Anabaptist-related groups. The first Anabaptists in North America were Dutch "Menists" who came to New York as early as 1644. The first Anabaptist groups to settle permanently in North America were Mennonites who came from the Lower Rhine and Hamburg and settled in [http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/G4766.html Germantown], [http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/P4662.html Pennsylvania]. Major immigration began from 1707-1710, as Mennonites came from the [http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/P3594.html Palatinate] and [[Konferenz der Mennoniten der Schweiz (Alttäufer)|Switzerland]] and settled northwest of Philadelphia. The French and Indian War (1756-1763) stopped Mennonite immigration from Europe for several years.<ref name="bender">Harold S. Bender, "North America," ''Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online''. (1957) http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/N676.html/ (accessed 24 June 2009).</ref><br />
<br />
As eastern Pennsylvania begin to fill with immigrants, the next major Anabaptist immigration to North America occurred from 1815-1860 when Amish from [http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/A4526.html Alsace], [http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/B3813.html Bavaria], and Hesse came to Indiana and Ohio.<ref name="bender" /><br />
<br />
Internal migration from eastern Pennsylvania to Ontario from 1785-1840 established a Mennonite presence in [[Canada]]. From 1874-1880, a major wave of Mennonite immigrants from Russia arrived in the western [[United States]] and [[Canada]]. Later immigrant Mennonite groups from Russia who came to North America, especially from 1922-1925, went almost exclusively to [[Canada]].<ref name="bender" /><br />
<br />
==Countries with Anabaptist-Related Groups==<br />
<br />
* [[Canada]]<br />
* [[United States]]<br />
<br />
==Other Regions==<br />
''Click on the links below to learn about Anabaptist-related groups in other parts of the world'':<br />
<br />
* [[Africa]]<br />
* [[Asia and Pacific]]<br />
* [[Caribbean, Central and South America]]<br />
* [[Europe]]<br />
<br />
==Electronic Resources==<br />
* [[Media:World_Membership_summary.doc|2009 Mennonite and Brethren in Christ World Membership]]<br />
* [[Media:North_America_summary.doc|2009 Mennonite World Conference Directory for North America]]<br />
* [[Media:2006mbictotal.pdf|2006 Mennonite and Brethren in Christ World Membership]]<br />
* [[Media:2006namerica.pdf|2006 Mennonite World Conference Directory for North America]]<br />
<br />
==Annotated Bibliography==<br />
*Bender, Harold S. "North America." ''Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online''. (1957) http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/N676.html/ (accessed 24 June 2009).<br />
<br />
::This encyclopedia article gives a brief history of Anabaptist immigration to and settlement in North America. While dated, the article aptly describes how Anabaptist-related groups came to North America. Of note on the article site is a table outlining Anabaptist population by group in the United States and Canada both in 1956 and 2006.<br />
<br />
==Archives and Libraries==<br />
*[http://www.goshen.edu/mhl/Home Mennonite Historical Library (MHL)]<br />
<br />
::The MHL is a research level library located on [http://www.goshen.edu/ Goshen College's] campus in Goshen, Indiana that collects printed texts and images on topics related to the Radical Reformation, including the Anabaptists, Hutterites, Mennonites, Amish and various related groups. The MHL has many resources on Mennonite groups in the United States and Canada. To contact the MHL email mhl@goshen.edu or call (574) 535-7418.<br />
<br />
*There are many archives and libraries throughout the United States and Canada specific to individual Anabaptist-related groups. To learn more about these archives and libraries check out article pages for specific Anabaptist-related groups in the [[United States#Anabaptist-Related Groups in the United States|United States]] or [[Canada#Anabaptist-Related Groups in Canada|Canada]].<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
[http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/N676.html/ North America] on ''Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online''.<br />
<br />
==Citations==<br />
<references/><br />
[[Category:Regions]]</div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:World_Membership_summary.doc&diff=2257File:World Membership summary.doc2010-02-20T15:03:26Z<p>Harms.Matt: </p>
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<div></div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Meserete_Kristos_Church,_Ethiopia&diff=2256Meserete Kristos Church, Ethiopia2010-02-20T15:00:07Z<p>Harms.Matt: </p>
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<div>{{Languages}}<br />
{{stub}}<br />
{{Infobox<br />
|Box title = ''Group's Name<br />
|image = ''[[Image:filename]]<br />
|imagewidth = ''300''<br />
|caption = ''Image Caption''<br />
|Row 1 title = Location<br />
|Row 1 info = <center>''Group's Location(City, State, Country if an individual congregation/Country if a conference)''</center><br />
|Row 2 title = Contact Information<br />
|Row 2 info = ''Group's Contact Information''<br />
|Row 3 title = Date Established<br />
|Row 3 info = <center>''Date Established''</center><br />
|Row 4 title = Presiding Officer<br />
|Row 4 info = <center>Group's presiding officer''</center><br />
|Row 5 title = [[Mennonite World Conference|MWC]] Affiliated?<br />
|Row 5 info = ''Is the group associated with [[Mennonite World Conference]]?''<br />
|Row 6 title = Number of Congregations<br />
|Row 6 info = <center>''Number of Congregations''</center><br />
|Row 7 title = Membership<br />
|Row 7 info = <center>''Group's membership''</center><br />
}} <br />
<br />
The '''Meserete Kristos Church (MKC)''' is the primary Anabaptist-related group in Ethiopia. In 2009 the MKC had 484 congregations and 172,299 members.<ref>"2009 Mennonite World Conference Directory for Africa," ''[[Mennonite World Conference]]''. http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13&Itemid=16 (accessed 20 February 2010).</ref><br />
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{{storiesblock<br />
|PageName=Meserete Kristos Church<br />
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<br />
==History==<br />
===Origins===<br />
===Growth===<br />
===Contemporary Trends===<br />
==Important Individuals==<br />
==Electronic Resources==<br />
==Annotated Bibliography==<br />
==Archives and Libraries==<br />
==External Links==<br />
==Citations==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
==Acknowledgments==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Ethiopia]]</div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Mennonite_World_Conference&diff=1475Mennonite World Conference2009-08-07T17:17:49Z<p>Harms.Matt: /* Key Leaders */</p>
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'''Mennonite World Conference (MWC) '''is a global faith community in the Anabaptist tradition that links together Anabaptist-related churches and engages other world communions and organizations. Every six to seven years Mennonite and Brethren in Christ conferences and groups gather for a general assembly.<br />
<br />
MWC provides a variety of print resources to connect members of the global Anabaptist fellowship. The organization issues regular news releases and publishes a quarterly periodical, ''Courier'', that appears in English, French, and Spanish. Similarly, MWC has sponsored a [http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=24&Itemid=37 Global History project] that includes five books tracing the "origins, development and mission of the Anabaptist-related churches [in [[Africa]], [[Asia and Pacific|Asia]], [[Europe]], [[Caribbean, Central and South America|Latin America]], and [[North America]]], reflecting the experiences, understandings and perspectives of these churches."<ref>"Global History Project," ''Mennonite World Conference,'' http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=24&Itemid=37. (accessed 8 June 2009).</ref><br />
<br />
Beyond print media, MWC connects Anabaptist churches through global initiatives like fund and gift sharing, world fellowships, interchurch dialogue, women's theological groups, and world fellowship Sundays. <br />
<br />
In 2006 MWC included 217 organized Mennonite or Brethren in Christ Conferences across 75 countries and six continents. Membership stood at 1,478,540, with 60% of members living in Africa, Asia, or Latin America.<br />
| <br />
<youtube width="300" height="230">LZYiOGmhGcc</youtube><br />
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==History==<br />
MWC began in Basel, Switzerland in 1925 when [http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/N450.html Christian Neff], president of the South German Mennonite Conference, called for a global Mennonite celebration of the 400th anniversary of Anabaptism in Switzerland. Neff also initiated the call for the two subsequent conferences. In 1930 Mennonites met in Danzig, Poland to organize a cooperative effort to respond to the needs of Russian Mennonite refugees who were settling in Paraguay, Brazil, and Canada. The third Mennonite World Conference was held in 1936 in Amsterdam, Netherlands to celebrate Menno Simons' conversion from Roman Catholicism. These three initial conferences laid the basic groundwork and built support for future Mennonite World Conferences.<ref>Bender, Harold S. and Paul N. Kraybill. "Mennonite World Conference." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. 1989. Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. Retrieved 08 June 2009 <http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/M4677ME.html>.</ref><br />
<br />
At the fifth Mennonite World Conference in Basel, the focus of the gathering shifted away from a celebration of shared historical heritage and began to work more deliberately with specific theological issues.<ref>Ibid.</ref><br />
<br />
By the eighth Mennonite World Conference in Amsterdam in 1967, the Mennonite church's non-Western membership had grown considerably; the next Mennonite World Conference--held in Curitiba, Brazil in 1972--was the first Mennonite World Conference held outside North America or Europe. The gathering in Curitiba brought the Mennonite World Conference to a crossroads as some groups boycotted the assembly in protest of the political repression they perceived in the country. Nonetheless, at Curitiba Mennonites affirmed the growing ethnic diversity of the church and called for future Mennonite World Conferences with more equitable global representation.<ref>Ibid.</ref><br />
<br />
In recent decades MWC has continued to grow as an institutionalized global body.<br />
<br />
For a more comprehensive history see John A. Lapp and Ed van Straten's [[Media:Mqr2003jan-lapp_and_straten-.pdf|"Mennonite World Conference 1925-2000: From Euro-American Conference to Worldwide Conference"]] or [http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/M4677ME.html/?searchterm=Mennonite%20World%20Conference "Mennonite World Conference"] on ''Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online''.<br />
<br />
==General Assemblies==<br />
{|border="0" width="100%"<br />
| <br />
Since 1925 MWC has held a general assembly every six or seven years. As of 2009 they had met in some fifteen of these sessions: <br />
<br />
{|cellspacing="1" cellpadding="3" border="1" width="90%"<br />
!Year <br />
!Location<br />
|-<br />
|<center>1925</center><br />
|Basel, Switzerland<br />
|-<br />
|<center>1930</center><br />
|Danzig, Poland<br />
|-<br />
|<center>1936</center><br />
|Amsterdam and Elspeet, Netherlands<br />
|-<br />
|<center>1948</center><br />
|Goshen, Indiana and North Newton, Kansas, USA<br />
|-<br />
|<center>1952</center><br />
|St. Chrischona, Switzerland<br />
|-<br />
|<center>1957</center><br />
|Karlsruhe, Germany<br />
|-<br />
|<center>1962</center><br />
|Kitchener, Ontario, Canada<br />
|-<br />
|<center>1967</center><br />
|Amsterdam, Netherlands<br />
|-<br />
|<center>1972</center><br />
|Curitiba, Brazil<br />
|-<br />
|<center>1978</center><br />
|Wichita, Kansas, USA<br />
|-<br />
|<center>1984</center><br />
|Strasbourg, France<br />
|-<br />
|<center>1990</center><br />
|Winnipeg, Canada<br />
|-<br />
|<center>1997</center><br />
|Calcutta, India<br />
|-<br />
|<center>2003</center><br />
|Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, Africa<br />
|-<br />
|<center>2009</center><br />
|Asuncion, Paraguay <ref>Ibid.</ref><br />
|}<br />
| <br />
<youtube width="300" height="225">tKPSt2Aylb0</youtube><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Key Leaders==<br />
===Presidents===<br />
{|cellspacing="1" cellpadding="3" border="1" width="75%"<br />
!Name <br />
!Years Served<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
* Christian Neff (1863-1946), Germany<br />
<br />
::Konferenz der Süddeutschen Mennoniten<br />
| <br />
<center>1925-1946</center><br />
|-<br />
| <br />
* Peter C. Hiebert (1870-1963), United States<br />
<br />
::Conference of Mennonite Brethren (Canada/U.S.)<br />
| <br />
<center>1948-1952</center><br />
|-<br />
| <br />
* Harold S. Bender (1897-1962), United States<br />
<br />
::Mennonite Church (Canada/U.S.)<br />
| <br />
<center>1952-1962</center><br />
|-<br />
| <br />
* Erland Waltner (1914-2009), United States<br />
<br />
::General Conference Mennonite Church (Canada/U.S.)<br />
| <br />
<center>1963-1973</center><br />
|-<br />
| <br />
* Million Belete, Ethiopia<br />
<br />
::[[Meserete Kristos Church]]<br />
| <br />
<center>1973-1984</center><br />
|-<br />
| <br />
* Charles Christano, Indonesia<br />
<br />
::[[Persatuan Gereja-Gereja Kristen Muria Indonesia]]<br />
| <br />
<center>1978-1984</center><br />
|-<br />
| <br />
* Ross T. Bender (1929- ), United States<br />
<br />
::Mennonite Church (Canada/U.S.)<br />
| <br />
<center>1984-1990</center><br />
|-<br />
| <br />
* Raul O. Garcia (1930- ), Argentian<br />
<br />
::[[Iglesia Evangélica Menonita Argentina]]<br />
| <br />
<center>1990-1997</center><br />
|-<br />
| <br />
* Mesach Krisetya, Indonesia<br />
<br />
::[[Persatuan Gereja-Gereja Kristen Muria Indonesia]]<br />
| <br />
<center>1997-2003</center><br />
|-<br />
| <br />
* Nancy R. Heisey (1952- ), United States<br />
<br />
::[[Mennonite Church USA]]<br />
| <br />
<center>2003-2009</center><br />
|-<br />
| <br />
* Danisa Ndlovu, Zimbabwe<br />
<br />
::[[Ibandla Labazalwane kuKristu eZimbabwe]]<br />
| <br />
<center>2009- <ref>[[Media:MWC_Leaders.doc|"MWC Leaders." Document retrieved from MWC website, http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/ (accessed 15 June 2009)]]</ref></center><br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Executive Secretaries===<br />
{|cellspacing="1" cellpadding="3" border="1" width="75%"<br />
!Name <br />
!Years Served<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
* Cornelius J. Dyck (1921- )<br />
<br />
::Working from office in Elkhart, Indiana, U.S.<br />
| <br />
<center>1961-1973</center><br />
|-<br />
| <br />
* Paul N. Kraybill (1925-1993) <br />
<br />
::Working form office in Lombard, Illinois, U.S.<br />
| <br />
<center>1973-1990</center><br />
|-<br />
| <br />
* Larry Miller (1949- )<br />
<br />
::Working from office in Strasbourg, France<br />
| <br />
<center>1990- <ref>[[Media:MWC_Leaders.doc|Ibid.]]</ref></center><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Electronic Resources==<br />
*[[Media:Worldmap2003.pdf|2003 MWC World Map]]<br />
*[[Media:2006africa.pdf|2006 MWC Africa Directory]]<br />
*[[Media:2006asiapacific.pdf|2006 MWC Asia and Pacific Directory]]<br />
*[[Media:2006_MWC_Directory_for_Caribbean,_Central_and_South_America.pdf|2006 MWC Central America, Caribbean, and South America Directory]]<br />
*[[Media:2006europe.pdf|2006 MWC Europe Directory]]<br />
*[[Media:Mqr2003jan-lapp_and_straten-.pdf|John A. Lapp and Ed van Straten, "Mennonite World Conference 1925-2000: From Euro-American Conference to Worldwide Communion," <i>Mennonite Quarterly Review</i> 77, no. 1 (Jan 2003): 7-45.]]<br />
*[[Media:2006namerica.pdf|2006 MWC North America Directory]]<br />
*[[Media:Called_to_Be_Peacemakers_Catholic_Mennonite_Interactions.pdf|Called Together to Be Peacemakers: Report of the International Dialogue between the Catholic Church and Mennonite World Conference]]<br />
*[[Media:MWC_Leaders.doc|MWC Leaders]]<br />
*[[Media:Shared_Convictions_English.pdf|MWC Shared Convictions]]<br />
*[[Media:Women_Theologians_Movement.doc|Women Theologians Movement]]<br />
*[[Media:Mqr2000april-review_of_Theological_Education_on_Five_Continents-.pdf|David A. Shank, "Review: <i>Theological Education on Five Continents: Anabaptist Perspectives</i>," <i>Mennonite Quarterly Review</i> 74, no. 2 (April 2000): 346-347.]]<br />
<br />
==Annotated Bibliography==<br />
*Global Mennonite History Project (GMHP)<br />
*Lapp John A. and C. Arnold Snyder. ''Anabaptist Songs in African Hearts''. Intercourse, PA: Good Books, 2006.<br />
*Lapp John A. and C. Arnold Snyder. ''Testing Faith and Tradition''. Intercourse, PA: Good Books, 2006.<br />
<br />
::The Global Mennonite History Project is a MWC initiative to record the stories of Anabaptist related groups in Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, and North America. To date (June 2009) MWC has released two volumes. ''Anabaptist Songs in African Hearts'' tells the histories of Anabaptist groups in South, Central, East, and West Africa. ''Testing Faith and Tradition'' describes the Anabaptist experiences in Germany, Switzerland, Netherlands, France, and Russia. To see a full description of the GMHP see MWC's [http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=24&Itemid=37 Global History Project] page.<br />
<br />
*Heisey, Nancy and Daniel S. Schipani. ''Theological Education on Five Continents: Anabaptist Perspectives''. Strasbourg, France: Mennonite World Conference, 1997.<br />
<br />
::''Theological Education on Five Continents'' is a collection of four major papers and the responses to those papers that were presented at a five continent consultation on theological education held in India in 1997. The book provides insight into grassroots theological ideas and the struggle for a unified Anabaptist identity.<br />
<br />
*Hussein, Bedru and Lynn Miller. ''Stewardship for All?: Two Believers - One from a Poor Country, One from a Rich Country - Speak from Their Settings''. Intercourse, PA: Good Books, 2006.<br />
<br />
::''Stewardship for All?'' presents a collaborative, global approach to stewardship. The book is divided into three sections. The first is a paper that Bedru Hussein initially wrote for the Meserete Kristos Church in Ethiopia as it became responsible for funding its own ministries after North American missionaries left. In part two Miller reflects on God's boundless generosity. Part three is a collection of a handful of stories about stewardship elsewhere around the globe.<br />
<br />
*Kreider Alan and Eleanor and Paulus Widjaja. ''A Culture of Peace: God's Vision for the Church''. Intercourse, PA: Good Books, 2005.<br />
<br />
::This book, the 2005 Mennonite World Conference Global Shelf Selection, is an introduction into the Church's call to foster "a culture of peace." The authors cover a variety of themes including: biblical foundations, peace in the church, peace in the work place, and peace in the world around us.<br />
<br />
*Lapp, John A. and Ed van Straten. "Mennonite World Conference 1925-2000: From Euro-American Conference to Worldwide Communion." <i>Mennonite Quarterly Review</i> 77, no. 1 (Jan 2003): 7-45.<br />
<br />
::See ''Source Material'' section. This article summarizes the history of Mennonite World Conference from 1925-2000. Beginning as occasional meetings that allowed North American and European Mennonites to collaborate in their response to the crises Mennonite's in Russia were facing.. Since 1925 the Mennonite church has grown into global community, with the majority of its members living in the global south. In this context MWC operates as worldwide communion in which groups across six continents can offer their gifts and admonitions.<br />
<br />
*"Mennonite Women Theologians."<br />
<br />
::See ''Source Material'' section. This document describes a Mennonite women's theological group that facilitates conversation among Mennonite women theologians and promotes women's contributions to church life.<br />
<br />
*''Mennonite World Handbook: 1984 Supplement.'' Strasburg: Mennonite World Conference, 1984.<br />
*''Mennonite World Handbook: A Survey of Mennonite and Brethren in Christ Churches.'' Lombard, Illinois: Mennonite World Conference, 1978.<br />
*''Mennonite World Handbook: Mennonites in Global Witness''. Edited by Diether Gotz Lichdi and Loretta Kreider. Carol Stream, Illinois: Mennonite World Conference, 1990. <br />
<br />
::The ''Global Mennonite World Handbook'' provides information on conferences and congregations that form the global Anabaptist church. The statistics, stories, and articles collected within provide a sense of the church’s activity and growth throughout the world.<br />
<br />
*Neufeld, Alfred. ''What We Believe Together: Exploring the "Shared Convictions" of Anabaptist Related Churches.'' Intercourse, PA: Good Books, 2007.<br />
<br />
::In ''What We Believe Together'' Paraguayan Mennonite scholar Alfred Neufeld outlines a shared set of Anabaptist beliefs adopted by the MWC General Council.<br />
<br />
*Ott, Bernhard. ''God's Shalom Project. ''Intercourse, PA: Good Books, 2004.<br />
<br />
::''God's Shalom Project'' was the 2004 Mennonite World Conference Global Shelf Selection. In this work Ott encourages believers take their part within God's Shalom project.<br />
<br />
*Roth, Willard and Gerald E. Schlabach. ''Called Together to Be Peacemakers: Report of the International Dialogue between the Catholic Church and Mennonite World Conference, 1998-2003''. Kitchener, Ontario: Pandora Press, 2005.<br />
<br />
::This book discusses the dialogue that occurred between the Catholic Church and Mennonite World Conference from 1998-2003.<br />
<br />
*"Shared Convictions." Adopted by Mennonite World Conference General Council, Pasadena, California, 15 March 2006.<br />
<br />
::See ''Source Material'' section. This is a brief one page statement about Anabaptist related churches' shared convictions.<br />
<br />
*Snyder, Arnold C. ''Anabaptist Seed: Exploring the Historical Center of Anabaptist Teachings and Practices''. Intercourse, PA: Good Books; Kitchener, Ont.: Pandora Press, 2007.<br />
<br />
::In ''Anabaptist Seed'', commissioned by Mennonite World Conference, Arnold Snyder explores the history of Anabaptist teachings from foot washing to pacifism.<br />
<br />
*Tshimika, Pakisa and Tim Lind. ''Sharing Gifts in the Global Family of Faith''. Intercourse, PA: Good Books, 2003.<br />
<br />
::In ''Sharing Gifts in the Global Family of Faith'' Tshimika and Lind use the image of family to explore global Anabaptist identity. The authors suggest that Anabaptists should willingly and selflessly share their unique gifts with their global family members. Tshimika and Lind identify three common features of family: relatedness, accountability, and responsibility.<br />
<br />
*Various documents related to Mennonite World Conference and its proceedings.<br />
<br />
::The [http://www.goshen.edu/mhl/Home Mennonite Historical Library] (MHL) has numerous pamphlets and booklets that describe the proceedings of past world conferences, as well as collections of papers presented at several conferences.<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
[http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/ Mennonite World Conference Official Website] <br />
<br />
[http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/M4677ME.html/?searchterm=Mennonite%20World%20Conference Mennonite World Conference] on ''Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online''<br />
<br />
[http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=24&Itemid=37 Global Mennonite History Project]<br />
[[Category:Content]]<br />
<br />
==Citations==<br />
<references/></div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&diff=1474Zimbabwe2009-08-07T17:17:13Z<p>Harms.Matt: New page: {{Languages}} {{stub}} {{infobox |Box title = Zimbabwe |image = Image:Zi-map.gif |imagewidth = 300 |caption = Zimbabwe: World Factbook, 2009<ref>"Zimbabwe," ''CIA World Fa...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages}}<br />
{{stub}}<br />
{{infobox<br />
|Box title = Zimbabwe<br />
|image = Image:Zi-map.gif<br />
|imagewidth = 300<br />
|caption = Zimbabwe: World Factbook, 2009<ref>"Zimbabwe," ''CIA World Factbook''. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/zi.html (accessed 7 August 2009).</ref><br />
|Row 1 title = Area<br />
|Row 1 info = 390,757 sq km<br />
|Row 2 title = Population<br />
|Row 2 info = 11,392,629 (July 2009)<br />
|Row 3 title = Languages<br />
|Row 3 info = English (official), Shona, Sindebele (the language of the Ndebele, sometimes called Ndebele), numerous but minor tribal dialects<br />
|Row 4 title = Religions<br />
|Row 4 info = syncretic (part Christian, part indigenous beliefs) 50%, Christian 25%, indigenous beliefs 24%, Muslim and other 1%<br />
|Row 5 title = Ethnicity<br />
|Row 5 info = African 98% (Shona 82%, Ndebele 14%, other 2%), mixed and Asian 1%, white less than 1%<ref>Ibid.</ref><br />
|Row 6 title = Groups Associated with [[Mennonite World Conference|MWC]]<br />
|Row 6 info = 1 (2006)<br />
|Row 7 title = Membership in [[Mennonite World Conference|MWC]] Affiliated Churches<br />
|Row 7 info = 33,453 (2006)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Zimbabwe''' is a country in southern [[Africa]] with a population of 11,392,629 (July 2009 estimate).<ref>Ibid.</ref> It is bordered by [[Botswana]], [[Mozambique]], [[Namibia]], [[South Africa]], and [[Zambia]].<ref>Ibid.</ref> In 2006 there was one organized Anabaptist-related group officially associated with [[Mennonite World Conference]] (MWC) with 33,453 total members.<ref>"2006 Mennonite and Brethren in Christ World Membership," ''[[Mennonite World Conference]]''. http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/PDF-PPT/2006mbictotal.pdf (accessed 7 August 2009).</ref><br />
<br />
Click the following link to learn more about other Anabaptist-related groups in [[Africa]].<br />
<br />
==Anabaptist-Related Groups==<br />
In 2006 there was one Anabaptist-related groups officially associated with [[Mennonite World Conference|MWC]] in Zimbabwe:<br />
<br />
* [[Ibandla Labazalwane kuKristu eZimbabwe]]<br />
<br />
==Annotated Bibliography==<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
<br />
==Citations==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
[[Category:Africa]]</div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Zi-map.gif&diff=1473File:Zi-map.gif2009-08-07T17:14:33Z<p>Harms.Matt: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Zambia&diff=1472Zambia2009-08-07T17:12:42Z<p>Harms.Matt: New page: {{Languages}} {{stub}} {{infobox |Box title = Zambia |image = Image:Za-map.gif |imagewidth = 300 |caption = Zambia: World Factbook, 2009<ref>"Zambia," ''CIA World Factbook...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages}}<br />
{{stub}}<br />
{{infobox<br />
|Box title = Zambia<br />
|image = Image:Za-map.gif<br />
|imagewidth = 300<br />
|caption = Zambia: World Factbook, 2009<ref>"Zambia," ''CIA World Factbook''. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/za.html (accessed 7 August 2009).</ref><br />
|Row 1 title = Area<br />
|Row 1 info = 752,618 sq km<br />
|Row 2 title = Population<br />
|Row 2 info = 11,862,740 (July 2009)<br />
|Row 3 title = Languages<br />
|Row 3 info = English (official), major vernaculars - Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages<br />
|Row 4 title = Religions<br />
|Row 4 info = Christian 50%-75%, Muslim and Hindu 24%-49%, indigenous beliefs 1%<br />
|Row 5 title = Ethnicity<br />
|Row 5 info = African 99.5% (includes Bemba, Tonga, Chewa, Lozi, Nsenga, Tumbuka, Ngoni, Lala, Kaonde, Lunda, and other African groups), other 0.5% (includes Europeans, Asians, and Americans) (2000 Census)<ref>Ibid.</ref><br />
|Row 6 title = Groups Associated with [[Mennonite World Conference|MWC]]<br />
|Row 6 info = 1 (2006)<br />
|Row 7 title = Membership in [[Mennonite World Conference|MWC]] Affiliated Churches<br />
|Row 7 info = 20,626 (2006)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Zambia''' is a country in southern [[Africa]] with a population of 11,862,740 (July 2009 estimate).<ref>Ibid.</ref> It is bordered by [[Angola]], [[Botswana]], [[Namibia]], the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]], [[Tanzania]], and [[Zimbabwe]].<ref>Ibid.</ref> In 2006 there was one organized Anabaptist-related group officially associated with [[Mennonite World Conference]] (MWC) with 20,626 total members.<ref>"2006 Mennonite and Brethren in Christ World Membership," ''[[Mennonite World Conference]]''. http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/PDF-PPT/2006mbictotal.pdf (accessed 7 August 2009).</ref><br />
<br />
Click the following link to learn more about other Anabaptist-related groups in [[Africa]].<br />
<br />
==Anabaptist-Related Groups==<br />
In 2006 there was one Anabaptist-related groups officially associated with [[Mennonite World Conference|MWC]] in Zambia:<br />
<br />
* [[Brethren in Christ Church, Zambia|Brethren in Christ Church]]<br />
==Annotated Bibliography==<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
<br />
==Citations==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
[[Category:Africa]]</div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Za-map.gif&diff=1471File:Za-map.gif2009-08-07T17:08:58Z<p>Harms.Matt: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Togo&diff=1470Togo2009-08-07T17:07:35Z<p>Harms.Matt: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages}}<br />
{{stub}}<br />
{{infobox<br />
|Box title = Togo<br />
|image = Image:To-map.gif<br />
|imagewidth = 275<br />
|caption = Togo: World Factbook, 2009<ref>"Togo," ''CIA World Factbook''. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/to.html (accessed 7 August 2009).</ref><br />
|Row 1 title = Area<br />
|Row 1 info = 56,785 sq km<br />
|Row 2 title = Population<br />
|Row 2 info = 6,019,877 (July 2009)<br />
|Row 3 title = Languages<br />
|Row 3 info = French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the north)<br />
|Row 4 title = Religions<br />
|Row 4 info = Christian 29%, Muslim 20%, indigenous beliefs 51%<br />
|Row 5 title = Ethnicity<br />
|Row 5 info = African (37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabre) 99%, European and Syrian-Lebanese less than 1%<ref>Ibid.</ref><br />
|Row 6 title = Groups Associated with [[Mennonite World Conference|MWC]]<br />
|Row 6 info = 1 (2006)<br />
|Row 7 title = Membership in [[Mennonite World Conference|MWC]] Affiliated Churches<br />
|Row 7 info = 204 (2006)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Togo''' is a country in western [[Africa]] with a population of 6,019,877 (July 2009 estimate).<ref>Ibid.</ref> It is bordered by Benin, [[Burkina Faso]], and [[Ghana]].<ref>Ibid.</ref> In 2006 there was one organized Anabaptist-related group officially associated with [[Mennonite World Conference]] (MWC) with 204 total members.<ref>"2006 Mennonite and Brethren in Christ World Membership," ''[[Mennonite World Conference]]''. http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/PDF-PPT/2006mbictotal.pdf (accessed 7 August 2009).</ref><br />
<br />
Click the following link to learn more about other Anabaptist-related groups in [[Africa]].<br />
<br />
==Anabaptist-Related Groups==<br />
In 2006 there was one Anabaptist-related groups officially associated with [[Mennonite World Conference|MWC]] in Togo:<br />
<br />
* [[Eglise Mennonite de l'Assemblée des Fidèles du Christ, Togo|Eglise Mennonite de l'Assemblée des Fidèles du Christ]]<br />
<br />
==Annotated Bibliography==<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
<br />
==Citations==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
[[Category:Africa]]</div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Togo&diff=1469Togo2009-08-07T17:07:17Z<p>Harms.Matt: New page: {{Languages}} {{stub}} {{infobox |Box title = Togo |image = Image:To-map.gif |imagewidth = 300 |caption = Togo: World Factbook, 2009<ref>"Togo," ''CIA World Factbook''. ht...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages}}<br />
{{stub}}<br />
{{infobox<br />
|Box title = Togo<br />
|image = Image:To-map.gif<br />
|imagewidth = 300<br />
|caption = Togo: World Factbook, 2009<ref>"Togo," ''CIA World Factbook''. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/to.html (accessed 7 August 2009).</ref><br />
|Row 1 title = Area<br />
|Row 1 info = 56,785 sq km<br />
|Row 2 title = Population<br />
|Row 2 info = 6,019,877 (July 2009)<br />
|Row 3 title = Languages<br />
|Row 3 info = French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the north)<br />
|Row 4 title = Religions<br />
|Row 4 info = Christian 29%, Muslim 20%, indigenous beliefs 51%<br />
|Row 5 title = Ethnicity<br />
|Row 5 info = African (37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabre) 99%, European and Syrian-Lebanese less than 1%<ref>Ibid.</ref><br />
|Row 6 title = Groups Associated with [[Mennonite World Conference|MWC]]<br />
|Row 6 info = 1 (2006)<br />
|Row 7 title = Membership in [[Mennonite World Conference|MWC]] Affiliated Churches<br />
|Row 7 info = 204 (2006)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Togo''' is a country in western [[Africa]] with a population of 6,019,877 (July 2009 estimate).<ref>Ibid.</ref> It is bordered by Benin, [[Burkina Faso]], and [[Ghana]].<ref>Ibid.</ref> In 2006 there was one organized Anabaptist-related group officially associated with [[Mennonite World Conference]] (MWC) with 204 total members.<ref>"2006 Mennonite and Brethren in Christ World Membership," ''[[Mennonite World Conference]]''. http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/PDF-PPT/2006mbictotal.pdf (accessed 7 August 2009).</ref><br />
<br />
Click the following link to learn more about other Anabaptist-related groups in [[Africa]].<br />
<br />
==Anabaptist-Related Groups==<br />
In 2006 there was one Anabaptist-related groups officially associated with [[Mennonite World Conference|MWC]] in Togo:<br />
<br />
* [[Eglise Mennonite de l'Assemblée des Fidèles du Christ, Togo|Eglise Mennonite de l'Assemblée des Fidèles du Christ]]<br />
<br />
==Annotated Bibliography==<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
<br />
==Citations==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
[[Category:Africa]]</div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:To-map.gif&diff=1468File:To-map.gif2009-08-07T17:04:31Z<p>Harms.Matt: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_Gambia&diff=1467The Gambia2009-08-07T17:01:24Z<p>Harms.Matt: New page: {{Languages}} {{stub}} {{infobox |Box title = The Gambia |image = Image:Ga-map.gif |imagewidth = 300 |caption = Gambia, The: World Factbook, 2009<ref>"Gambia, The," ''CIA ...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Languages}}<br />
{{stub}}<br />
{{infobox<br />
|Box title = The Gambia<br />
|image = Image:Ga-map.gif<br />
|imagewidth = 300<br />
|caption = Gambia, The: World Factbook, 2009<ref>"Gambia, The," ''CIA World Factbook''. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ga.html (accessed 7 August 2009).</ref><br />
|Row 1 title = Area<br />
|Row 1 info = 11,295 sq km<br />
|Row 2 title = Population<br />
|Row 2 info = 1,782,893 (July 2009)<br />
|Row 3 title = Languages<br />
|Row 3 info = English (official), Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars<br />
|Row 4 title = Religions<br />
|Row 4 info = Muslim 90%, Christian 8%, indigenous beliefs 2%<br />
|Row 5 title = Ethnicity<br />
|Row 5 info = African 99% (Mandinka 42%, Fula 18%, Wolof 16%, Jola 10%, Serahuli 9%, other 4%), non-African 1% (2003 census)<ref>Ibid.</ref><br />
|Row 6 title = Groups Associated with [[Mennonite World Conference|MWC]]<br />
|Row 6 info = 1 (2006)<br />
|Row 7 title = Membership in [[Mennonite World Conference|MWC]] Affiliated Churches<br />
|Row 7 info = 39 (2006)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''The Gambia''' is a country in western [[Africa]] with a population of 1,782,893 (July 2009 estimate).<ref>Ibid.</ref> It is bordered on the north, east, and south by Senegal.<ref>Ibid.</ref> In 2006 there was one organized Anabaptist-related group officially associated with [[Mennonite World Conference]] (MWC) with 39 total members.<ref>"2006 Mennonite and Brethren in Christ World Membership," ''[[Mennonite World Conference]]''. http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/PDF-PPT/2006mbictotal.pdf (accessed 7 August 2009).</ref><br />
<br />
Click the following link to learn more about other Anabaptist-related groups in [[Africa]].<br />
<br />
==Anabaptist-Related Groups==<br />
In 2006 there was one Anabaptist-related groups officially associated with [[Mennonite World Conference|MWC]] in The Gambia:<br />
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* [[Mennonite Church of West Africa, The Gambia|Mennonite Church of West Africa]]<br />
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==Annotated Bibliography==<br />
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==External Links==<br />
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==Citations==<br />
<references/><br />
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[[Category:Africa]]</div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Ga-map.gif&diff=1466File:Ga-map.gif2009-08-07T16:58:56Z<p>Harms.Matt: </p>
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<div></div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Tz-map.gif&diff=1465File:Tz-map.gif2009-08-07T16:56:41Z<p>Harms.Matt: </p>
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<div></div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Tanzania&diff=1464Tanzania2009-08-07T16:56:30Z<p>Harms.Matt: New page: {{Languages}} {{stub}} {{infobox |Box title = Tanzania |image = Image:Tz-map.gif |imagewidth = 300 |caption = Tanzania: World Factbook, 2009<ref>"Tanzania," ''CIA World Fa...</p>
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{{infobox<br />
|Box title = Tanzania<br />
|image = Image:Tz-map.gif<br />
|imagewidth = 300<br />
|caption = Tanzania: World Factbook, 2009<ref>"Tanzania," ''CIA World Factbook''. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tz.html (accessed 7 August 2009).</ref><br />
|Row 1 title = Area<br />
|Row 1 info = 947,300 sq km<br />
|Row 2 title = Population<br />
|Row 2 info = 41,048,532 (July 2009)<br />
|Row 3 title = Languages<br />
|Row 3 info = Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguja (name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic (widely spoken in Zanzibar), many local languages<br />
|Row 4 title = Religions<br />
|Row 4 info = mainland - Christian 30%, Muslim 35%, indigenous beliefs 35%; Zanzibar - more than 99% Muslim<br />
|Row 5 title = Ethnicity<br />
|Row 5 info = mainland - African 99% (of which 95% are Bantu consisting of more than 130 tribes), other 1% (consisting of Asian, European, and Arab); Zanzibar - Arab, African, mixed Arab and African<ref>Ibid.</ref><br />
|Row 6 title = Groups Associated with [[Mennonite World Conference|MWC]]<br />
|Row 6 info = 1 (2006)<br />
|Row 7 title = Membership in [[Mennonite World Conference|MWC]] Affiliated Churches<br />
|Row 7 info = 50,560 (2006)<br />
}}<br />
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'''Tanzania''' is a country in eastern [[Africa]] with a population of 41,048,532 (July 2009 estimate).<ref>Ibid.</ref> It is bordered by Burundi, the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Kenya]], [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]], Rwanda, Uganda, and [[Zambia]].<ref>Ibid.</ref> In 2006 there was one organized Anabaptist-related group officially associated with [[Mennonite World Conference]] (MWC) with 50,560 total members.<ref>"2006 Mennonite and Brethren in Christ World Membership," ''[[Mennonite World Conference]]''. http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/PDF-PPT/2006mbictotal.pdf (accessed 7 August 2009).</ref><br />
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Click the following link to learn more about other Anabaptist-related groups in [[Africa]].<br />
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==Anabaptist-Related Groups==<br />
In 2006 there was one Anabaptist-related groups officially associated with [[Mennonite World Conference|MWC]] in Tanzania:<br />
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* [[Kanisa la Mennonite Tanzania]]<br />
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==Annotated Bibliography==<br />
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==External Links==<br />
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==Citations==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
[[Category:Africa]]</div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Global_Anabaptist_Wiki&diff=1463Global Anabaptist Wiki2009-08-07T16:31:05Z<p>Harms.Matt: </p>
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<div>__NOTITLE__<br />
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<div style="font-size:162%; border:none; margin:0; padding:.1em; color:#000;">Welcome to the [[:Anabaptistwiki:About|Global Anabaptist Wiki]]</div><br />
<div style="top:+0.2em; font-size:135%;">Sharing [[Stories]], Shaping Identity.</div><br />
<div id="articlecount" style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-size:85%;">[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] articles since May 2009</div><br />
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The [[:Anabaptistwiki:About|'''Global Anabaptist Wiki''']] is an interactive community of Anabaptist-Mennonite groups from around the world. Initiated by the [http://www.goshen.edu/mhl Mennonite Historical Library] at [http://www.goshen.edu/ Goshen College], the site is committed to helping individual groups: 1) tell their own [[Anabaptistwiki:stories|story]]; 2) post and preserve electronic archives; and 3) become better informed about other groups in the global Anabaptist fellowship. Like all wiki-based projects, this is a collaborative venture that relies on the local expertise of many people. <br />
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''[Please Note: This project is still in its early stages of construction. Check back frequently to see what new material has been added!]''<br />
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{| cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" style="background-color:#F0F8FF; border:1px solid #ccc; margin:4px 0 0 0;"<br />
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<div style="margin:0;background:#cedff2;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3b0bf;text-align:left;color:#000;padding-left:0.2em;padding-top: 0.2em;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-right: 0.0em">[[Anabaptistwiki:Stories|Stories]]</div><br />
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In addition to including encyclopedic articles that give basic information about specific regions and Anabaptist-related groups, the Global Anabaptist Wiki is a place for collecting personal stories that highlight what it means to be an Anabaptist in your part of the world. You don't have to be an expert, just contribute your own stories about your life as an Anabaptist in your own context.<br />
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* To learn more about stories on the Global Anabaptist Wiki read our [[Anabaptistwiki:Stories|about stories page]].<br />
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* To contribute your own stories or read others' stories check out the [[Stories|stories page]] that lists stories by region.<br />
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* Or to see a list of all the stories on the Global Anabaptist Wiki browse through the [[:Category:Stories|stories category page]].<br />
|}<br />
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{| cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" style="background-color:#F0F8FF; border:1px solid #ccc; margin:4px 0 0 0;"<br />
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<div style="margin:0;background:#cedff2;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3b0bf;text-align:left;color:#000;padding-left:0.2em;padding-top: 0.2em;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-right: 0.0em">Getting Started</div><br />
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Take some time to explore where Anabaptist communities exist around the world by clicking on different regions of the world map below. Or if you'd rather, browse through the different [[Anabaptist Family|branches of the Anabaptist family tree]].<br />
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poly 0 41 41 123 68 127 77 126 80 132 86 130 90 139 94 140 135 145 242 89 215 15 223 10 241 2 122 10 35 22 [[North America|United States and Canada]]<br />
poly 46 125 159 362 210 363 259 215 171 151 134 146 95 140 87 137 85 131 82 134 75 126 [[Caribbean, Central and South America|Caribbean, Central and South America]]<br />
poly 219 13 238 60 304 113 320 114 341 108 350 108 359 113 375 118 386 119 402 119 407 116 410 112 419 112 428 110 426 106 438 104 436 87 429 82 428 76 435 72 455 75 458 66 472 63 484 68 487 66 496 74 504 74 513 78 520 75 535 76 536 72 551 76 566 78 570 75 577 77 583 75 579 70 584 66 590 68 600 76 608 78 615 83 619 78 621 87 619 91 622 95 628 93 640 88 666 74 688 32 592 5 479 2 294 -1 245 2 [[Europe|Europe]]<br />
poly 300 119 276 171 358 317 476 317 473 178 436 179 428 169 410 136 406 124 362 116 350 109 333 110 316 114 [[Africa|Africa]]<br />
poly 406 127 431 177 480 176 554 326 719 347 779 245 654 85 637 90 630 99 623 96 617 92 620 87 618 82 613 84 585 68 581 78 571 78 558 77 553 77 538 71 538 76 530 78 526 76 519 81 503 76 498 76 485 67 481 68 471 64 459 67 457 71 460 74 453 76 436 73 430 80 435 86 441 89 439 93 441 105 437 107 434 106 429 109 422 112 410 113 [[Asia and Pacific|Asia and Pacific]]<br />
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{{MPB<br />
| FATitle= Jesus Village Church, South Korea<br />
| FAImage= <br />
| FABlurb='''Jesus Village Church''' '''(JVC) '''is one of two Anabaptist affiliated churches in South Korea. Unlike other global Anabaptist communities outside of Europe and North America, JVC is not the result of a mission plant. Rather, JVC began out three years of intensive study by Korean Christian professionals as they tried to rediscover the New Testament Church and implement it in a Korean context. These leaders felt that the Anabatist Church fit what they desired most closely, and in 1996 they started the JVC...<br />
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[[Jesus Village Church, South Korea|Read more...]]<br />
| FVideoTitle= Menonitas de Chihuahua<br />
| FVideo= <youtube size="small">lSUh4GnuuMA</youtube><br />
| FVideoBlurb= A variety of different immigrant Mennonite groups live in the Chihuahua state in northern [[Mexico]]. Click on the links below to learn more about these groups.<br />
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* [[Altkolonier Mennonitengemeinde, Mexico|Altkolonier Mennonitengemeinde (Old Colony Mennonites)]]<br />
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* [[Iglesia de Dios en Cristo Menonita, Mexico|Iglesia de Dios en Cristo Menonita (Church of God in Christ, Mennonite)]]<br />
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* [[Kleine Gemeinde, Mexico|Kleine Gemeinde (Small Colony Mennonites)]]<br />
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* [[Sommerfelder Mennonitengemeinde, Mexico|Sommerfelder Mennonitengemeinde (Sommerfeld Mennonites)]]<br />
| NewsStories= * May 9, 2009 - [http://www.ekklesia.co.uk/node/9404 Mennonites back peacemakers in India's troubled Orissa state]<br />
* March 1, 2009 - [http://www.ekklesia.co.uk/node/8825 Mennonites prepare for Mennonite global gathering in July]<br />
}}<br />
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==Other Resources==<br />
* Read more about the [[Anabaptistwiki:about|Global Anabaptist Wiki]] on the [[Anabaptistwiki:about|About Global Anabaptist Wiki Page]]<br />
<br />
* Consult the [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] or the [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] for information on using the wiki software.</div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Stories&diff=1462Stories2009-08-07T16:28:28Z<p>Harms.Matt: Unprotected "Stories"</p>
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<div>{{Languages}}<br />
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This page helps organize stories on the Global Anabaptist Wiki. Share your stories to be part of the conversation about what it means to be part of the global Anabaptist church! <br />
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Click on the following link to learn how to [[Anabaptistwiki:About|contribute your stories]]. <br />
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When you add content be sure to create a link under the appropriate region and country section headers. If your country is not listed, please create a section header for it under the appropriate region using the following code: <code><nowiki>===Your Country's Name===</nowiki></code>.<br />
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==Africa==<br />
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==Asia and Pacific==<br />
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==Caribbean, Central and South America==<br />
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==Europe==<br />
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==North America (United States and Canada)==<br />
===United States===<br />
* [[Why I Am Mennonite Essays; Goshen College; Goshen, IN; April 1999]]<br />
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[[Category:Content]]</div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Cambodia&diff=1461Cambodia2009-08-07T16:15:07Z<p>Harms.Matt: Protected "Cambodia" [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed]</p>
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<div>*[[Phnom Penh Mennonite Church]]<br />
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[[Asia and Pacific]]<br />
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[[Category:Asia and Pacific]]</div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Phnom_Penh_Mennonite_Church&diff=1460Phnom Penh Mennonite Church2009-08-07T16:13:52Z<p>Harms.Matt: </p>
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{{Infobox<br />
|Box title = Phnom Penh Mennonite Church<br />
|image = Image:Map of phenom penh.gif<br />
|imagewidth = 300<br />
|caption = Phnom Penh: Lonely Planet, 2009<ref>"Map of Phnom Penh," ''Lonely Planet''. http://www.lonelyplanet.com/maps/asia/cambodia/phnom-penh/ (accessed 15 June 2009).</ref><br />
|Row 1 title = Location<br />
|Row 1 info = <center>Phnom Penh, Cambodia</center><br />
|Row 2 title = Contact Information<br />
|Row 2 info =<br />
|Row 3 title = Date Established<br />
|Row 3 info = <center>1996</center><br />
|Row 4 title = Presiding Officer<br />
|Row 4 info = <center>Mao Dady Ezra (2003- )</center><br />
|Row 5 title = [[Mennonite World Conference|MWC]] Affiliated?<br />
|Row 5 info = <center>No (2008)</center><br />
|Row 6 title = Number of Congregations<br />
|Row 6 info = <center>1 (2008)</center><br />
|Row 7 title = Membership<br />
|Row 7 info = <center></center><br />
}} <br />
'''Phnom Penh Mennonite Church (PPMC)''' is a Mennonite Church located in Phnom Penh, Cambodia's national capital. The Church began in 1996 as an [http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/E238780.html/?searchterm=eastern%20Mennonite%20Missions Eastern Mennonite Missions] (EMM) church plant. Although PPMC was not a member of Mennonite World Conference in 2009, several church members went to the [[Mennonite World Conference]] (MWC) gathering in Asunción, Paraguay in July 2009 to connect with the global Mennonite Church. To learn more about other Anabaptist-related groups in [[Asia and Pacific|Asia and the Pacific]] click [[Asia and Pacific|here]].<br />
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==Stories==<br />
''Create new articles that tell [[Anabaptistwiki:stories|stories]] about the Phnom Penh Mennonite Church and insert links to those stories here.''<br />
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== History ==<br />
=== Origins ===<br />
The Phnom Penh Mennonite Church began through Mennonite mission work. Although [http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/M4659.html/?searchterm=MCC Mennonite Central Committe's] ((MCC) has had a presence in Cambodia for many years, no Mennonite church existed in Cambodia until Eastern Mennonite Mission (EMM) began its work there. Three factors all converged at the same time create the PPMC.<br />
<br />
First, the Caldwell family sensed a call to go to Cambodia. Darrell and Susan Caldwell began working with Khmer refugees who fled Cambodia and the Khmer Rouge in 1981. The Caldwells hosted several Khmer people, and eventually the Caldwells started a Khmer church. Darrell became fluent in Khmer language, and in 1993 the Caldwells began looking for opportunities to go to Cambodia themselves. Some mission agencies were hesitant to send the Caldwells overseas because their youngest child had Downs Syndrome. Consequently, despite their Baptist background, the Caldwells began inquiring into MCC work in Cambodia. MCC, however, advised the Caldwells to look into EMM because their vision for church planting did not fit with MCC's mission.<br />
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<youtube width="300" height="250">Ti0po8mKwpA</youtube><br />
Second, in 1994 when the Franklin Conference Mission Board was preparing their budget they felt that it was time for Franklin Conference to get involved in a new mission enterprise. They approached EMM for possible mission projects with which they could partner.<br />
<br />
Third, EMM employee David Shenk had a vision for new work in Cambodia. When he received contact from both the Caldwells and the Franklin board it seemed like an answer to prayer. At the same time, Sarin Lay, the pastor of a Cambodian Mennonite Church in Philadelphia ([http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/L315.html Lancaster Mennonite Conference]), recommended that EMM begin work in Cambodia, and he expressed interest in returning to Cambodia as a missionary.<!-- unsupported placeholder type --> In addition, MCC workers in Cambodia suggested that EMM take steps toward beginning a Mennonite Church in Cambodia by facilitating leadership training. MCC was willing to help EMM in the process.[[Mennonite World Conference]]<br />
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Thus, all the pieces fit together, and in 1996 EMM commissioned the Caldwells to begin a church in Phnom Penh. The Caldwells began a church later that year which met in their home. Initially, the church was essentially an informal Bible study. The attendees were mostly young people in their late teens and early twenties. Darrell met many of these people out on the streets and in the markets, wherever he could strike up conversations.<br />
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The Caldwells opened their home to Khmer people. Several young people from the countryside came to live with them--at one point, they had three individuals living with them at once. The Caldwells invested in people and gave financial support to many young people so that they could go to school or Bible school or learn a trade. Darrell also befriended orphans on the streets and connected them with orphanages. <br />
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In an interview with Anna Showalter in 2008 Darrell admitted that his approach to missions was not contextualized. He preached a message of personal salvation based on what he believed to be essential to the Gospel. Darrell's goal was not to plant a "Mennonite" church. He was not Mennonite himself and thought that the best approach was to preach a simple gospel message. It seemed irrelevant to him to try to impose "Mennonite distinctives" on these young Khmer believers. According to Darrell, “[He] thought that establishing a dedicated group of believers in their faith was primary, rather than encouraging them to understand Mennonite distinctive."<br />
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In 2000 and 2002 EMM opened men's and women's dorms. In 2008, most members of PPMC were university students from the dorms. PPMC holds church services in the same building as the dorms, and the dorm and church identities are very closely related. The dorms have been a constant presence, and in some cases have kept the church going when it may have otherwise failed.<br />
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=== Contemporary Identity Issues ===<br />
''This section is based on interpretive analysis by Anna Showalter from an undergraduate research paper (Goshen College, Hist 318: Anabaptist History, Fall 2008)''.<br />
<br />
Finding and defining a Mennonite identity is particularly challenging for PPMC. For most PPMC members, the more pressing question of identity is their Khmer vs. Christian identity. Many Khmer resist Christianity because they believe that it will compromise their Khmer identity. That is probably the most common objection to Christianity in Cambodia. For members at PPMC, a Khmer Christian identity is so hard to find that many of them don’t see the point in complicating the issue further with denominational identity. Yet, a few leaders do see value in a Mennonite identity and are pushing the church in that direction.<br />
<br />
PPMC has had several formative influences in its theological development. One is the influence of the Caldwell's missiology. The Caldwells brought a basic evangelical gospel to the Khmer. They wanted to lead Khmer into personal relationships with God through Jesus. PPMC is also heavily influenced by the other evangelical churches in Phnom Penh. Many of their members and leaders attend Bible schools sponsored by these churches. The sporadic and limited theological formation from Mennonites came primarily from Chris and Dawn Landes and Paul and Tina Holderman. As such PPMC's theology does not really resemble something that is recognizable as distinctly Anabaptist or Mennonite (from the perspective of a North American Mennonite observer). Nonetheless, several PPMC leaders see a lot of value in being connected to Mennonites around the world.<br />
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When asked what they know about Mennonite theology and whether or not they were attracted to it, several PPMC leaders noted that the Mennonite Church is just one of many denominations. When asked to articulate what it meant to be Mennonite, several of them mentioned "Menosymon" (Menno Simons) and the "revolution" that he started against the Catholics. However, they didn't personally identify spiritually with the name. Some of them said that they were attracted to Mennonite people and their theology, although Pastor Dady said that he was not. When asked whether there was anything that separated Mennonites from other Christian denominations, all the PPMC members interviewed noted that they held the same beliefs as other Christians. Most of them did, however, note that Mennonites do not believe in war and will not join the army. Still, it was unclear whether or not they shared pacifist beliefs, although several of the leaders seemed to agree with the Mennonite peace position. As of 2008 PPMC leaders had yet to formally articulate an official statement on nonresistance and the Christian relationship to the state. Other than these leaders, however, congregation members appear quite unfamiliar with the peace position.<!-- unsupported placeholder type --><br />
<br />
When asked how PPMC demonstrated Mennonite theology their answers were diverse and generalized. When describing how PPMC demonstrated Mennonite theology Pastor Dady summarized several broadly accepted evangelical Christian doctrines, noting especially the Trinity: God the father, Son, and Spirit. He went on to state that as Mennonites, PPMC members believed "[they were] sinner[s] and need[ed] [to be] save[d] from God..." and that "GOD [gave them] eternal life from Jesus by [their] faith in him."<!-- unsupported placeholder type --> PPMC member Yann Sokhom identified the lack of Mennonite distinctiveness bluntly saying, "Actually, PPMC doesn’t focus on Mennonite or other denominations." Likewise, Hem Sopheary said that PPMC hadn't placed much of an emphasis on being Mennonite because the church wanted to first focus on being a Christian. Referencing new Christians Sopheary said, "We don’t want to confuse them." Nevertheless, she thought it important to teach committed members and leaders "about Mennonite history and theology."<br />
<br />
Yet despite a cursory understanding of Mennonite theology, this small, young Church has had a surprising amount of interaction with the global Mennonite Church. Several leaders expressed a desire to learn more about Mennonite theology and to be more connected to the global Mennonite Church. Four PPMC members--Sopheary, Mades, Sopheak, and Sokhom--spent a year in North American Mennonite communities with MCC IVEP. When Sopheary returned from her year abroad she hoped to connect PPMC with other Mennonites. Up until that point, PPMC was called the Church of Peace in Christ. Government regulations required that he church needed to identify itself with a denomination if it wanted government recognition. Sopheary encouraged the church to take the Mennonite name, so the Church of Peace in Christ officially became the Phnom Penh Mennonite Church. Sopheary and the other IVEPers are the individuals most interested in developing a Mennonite identity. Several of them have also visited Mennonite Churches in Indonesia and Thailand to discern what it means to be Mennonite.<br />
<br />
During his term, Paul Holderman worked with the church to formulate their vision and mission. As part of this process he helped them write a constitution and taught a class on Mennonite history and theology. They studied the "Confession of Faith in a Mennonite Perspective," and Holderman hired Sopheak to translate the confession into Khmer so that everyone in the church could read it. Holderman said that the Khmer leaders agreed with what they read in the confession, although they tended to focus more on the general Christian beliefs rather than on distinctly Mennonite emphases. One concept the Khmer struggled to grasp was the priesthood of believers. This style of ecclesiology went against the grain of the emphasis on hierarchy and patronage in Khmer culture. <br />
<br />
While PPMC leaders valued being connected with the global Mennonite Church, they were not necessarily attracted to Mennonites specifically. Rather, they simply desired global connections, and it was easiest to identify with Mennonites since they were a Mennonite church plant. Participation in the broader Mennonite Church is a way of connecting to a larger movement. Without a global Mennonite connection, PPMC would be a small, isolated church, forced to survive on its own. More than a specific Mennonite identity, however, PPMC wants mutually supportive connections. Pastor Dady said he wanted PPMC to connect to global Mennonites "because we want to encourage each other."<br />
<br />
In 2007, several North American young adult Mennonites biked through South East Asia visiting Mennonite Churches there. Their first stop was PPMC. These North American Mennonites did not immediately recognize anything at PPMC as distinctly Mennonite. Like many North American Mennonite young adults, these individuals came with reservations about missions and evangelicalism. What they found at PPMC was exactly that: a mission church with a evangelical approach to faith. Bike Movement listened to pastor Dady and other PPMC members give testimony after testimony of how God had saved them from sin and distress. They told stories of being freed from the bonds of evil spirits, of healings and finding a place to belong at the student dorms. Their worship was lively, energetic, and spirit filled.<br />
<br />
Bike Movement member, Adele Liechty, reflected on the dissonance between her Mennonite identity and that of the members of PPMC.<blockquote> I wish that I could have listened to the stories of the people of Phnom Penh Mennonite Church with an open mind and heart, but I soon realized that I was much too jaded. For them, Christianity is so simple.… I note with great emphasis that the new Christians of Phnom Penh were extremely excited about their faith. They told their stories with conviction and vigor, and I can never discredit or take those stories away from them. Perhaps I even have a hint of jealousy as they have found something to believe with their whole heart and I have not….</blockquote><br />
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Clearly, integration into a broader global Mennonite community will involve difficulties, but Mennonites both in Cambodia and the broader global Mennonite Church have shown a desire to engage one another in transformative interaction.<br />
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== Important Individuals ==<br />
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*Mao Dady Ezra<br />
<br />
::Dady has served as pastor for PPMC since 2003 and has been a key member since 1997.<br />
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*Hem Sopheary<br />
<br />
::In 2008 and 2009 Sopheary served as the chair of the leadership committee at PPMC. Sopheary is a very gifted young woman and a long time leader of the church. The congregation chose her as an elder in 2006. Sopheary began attending PPMC in 1998 because her family had connections with the Caldwells and because her older sister Sopheaktra was the director of EMM’s women’s dormitory. Unlike most PPMC members, Sopheary comes from a strong Christian family. Sopheary had the opportunity to spend a year in the United States through [http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/M4659.html/?searchterm=mcc Mennonite Central Committee's] MCC [http://mcc.org/ivep/ International Visitor Exchange Program] (IVEP). During that year, Sopheary gained an understanding of what it might mean to be a part of the Mennonite church. Upon returning to Cambodia, Sopheary married a man named Mades who had also been an IVEPer. Sopheary and Mades have maintained a commitment to PPMC despite some discouraging times. Sopheary will likely be key a visionary for the future of PPMC.<br />
<br />
*Ea Sopheak<br />
<br />
::Sopheak joined PPMC in 2001 when he came to Phnom Penh from his family’s farm in the province of Kampong Cham. He stayed in the men’s dorm as a student and became the dorm director in 2006. Sopheak was very involved in PPMC as a member of the ministry team beginning in 2004 and the church asked him to be an elder in 2006. Sopheak is a gifted worship leader and has done translation work for EMM and PPMC, including translating the "Confession of Faith in a Mennonite Perspective" into Khmer. In 2007 Sopheak joined the IVEP program and spent a year in Alberta (Canada). Since returning, Sopheak got married and has been living in the countryside in his wife’s village. He has as vision for starting an orphanage in his home town with the help of EMM. He attends PPMC when he comes to the city, but as of 2008 he was not a regular attender.<br />
<br />
*Yann Sokhom<br />
<br />
::Sokhom came to the dorms in 2003 as a student and began attending PPMC. He became convinced of Jesus' message and decided to become a Christian. He was on PPMC's ministry team as a youth leader. In 2007 he, along with Sopheak, joined the IVEP program and spent a year in Bethel, Kansas. Since returning to Cambodia Sokhom has returned to his studies and is still a student in the men's dorm.<br />
<br />
== Electronic Resources ==<br />
* [[Media:annars_Final_Project__Phnom_Penh_Mennonite_Church.doc|Anna Showalter's undergraduate research paper on the Phnom Penh Mennonite Church written for History 318: Anabaptist History (Goshen College, Fall 2008]]<br />
<br />
* [[Media:PPMC Church Constitution Final Draft 5 06.doc|PPMC Constitucion]]<br />
<br />
== Annotated Bibliography ==<br />
In 2009 literature written on PPMC was virtually nonexistent, except for a handful of articles in ''Missionary Messenger'' and ''The Burning Bush'' [(Available at the [http://www.goshen.edu/mhl/Home Mennonite Historical Library] (MHL)]. Therefore, Anna Showalter, a Goshen College student, relied heavily on interviews with personal contacts and her own experience as a [http://www.emm.org/short-term/opportunities/yes.html Youth Evangelism Service] (YES) participant with [http://www.emm.org/cms/ Eastern Mennonite Missions] (EMM) from 2005-2006. During that time she worked closely with the Phnom Penh Mennonite Church.<br />
<br />
=== Interviews ===<br />
'''Eastern Mennonite Missionaries'''<br />
*Paul and Tina Holderman<br />
<br />
::The Holdermans were missionaries in Phnom Penh from 2003-2006. They attend Marion Mennonite Church.<br />
<br />
*Darrel and Susan Caldwell<br />
<br />
::The Caldwells were missionaries in Phnom Penh from the mid 1990s to 2008. They were the founders of the PPMC.<br />
<br />
*Carrol and Skip Tobin<br />
<br />
::The Tobins are longtime EMM missionaries in Thailand and now serve as EMM representatives in Southeast Asia. They understand the PPMC very well and have provided good guidance to both missionaries and Khmer leaders.<br />
<br />
'''Khmer Leaders'''<br />
<br />
These were responses to a email questionnaire that Anna Showalter sent to Khmer PPMC leaders.<br />
<br />
*Mao Dady Ezra<br />
<br />
*Hem Sopheary<br />
<br />
*Ea Sopheak<br />
<br />
*Yann Sokhom<br />
<br />
=== Unpublished Written Documents ===<br />
Anna Showalter has several unpublished written sources in her personal collection. The majority are from Paul and Tina Holderman and include various statements about EMM's activity in Cambodia as well as their reports as missionaries.<br />
<br />
=== Published Sources ===<br />
<br />
*''The Burning Bush''<br />
<br />
::''The Burning Bush'' is the Franklin Mennonite Conference periodical. Since the Franklin Mennonite Conference has been the sole financial supporter of EMM’s work in Cambodia, it prints reports from Cambodia in ''The Burning Bush''. In addition, three families/individuals from the conference have served in Cambodia, while others have visited. The reports in ''The Burning Bush'' are slightly scattered and reflect the missionary experience more than the Khmer experience.<br />
<br />
*''The Missionary Messenger''<br />
<br />
::''The Missionary Messenger'' is the monthly publication of EMM, and it includes a few reports from the missionaries in Cambodia.<br />
<br />
*"Bike Movement Asia." ''Bike Movement''. [http://www.bikemovement.org/ http://www.bikemovement.org/]. (accessed 8 December 2008).<br />
<br />
::In the summer of 2007 a group of North American young adults biked through Southeast Asia visiting and conversing with Mennonite churches there. The purpose of the trip was to try to better understand the global Anabaptist church. The group met with people from PPMC and wrote their reflections on their blog.<br />
<br />
== External Links ==<br />
<br />
*[http://www.bikemovement.org/ http://www.bikemovement.org/ Bike Movement Asia]<br />
<br />
== Citations ==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
== Acknowledgments ==<br />
Anna Showalter compiled much of the information presented here in an undergraduate research paper written for an Anabaptist History Class at Goshen College (Fall 2008).<br />
<br />
[[Category:Asia and Pacific]]</div>Harms.Matthttp://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Cambodia&diff=1459Cambodia2009-08-07T16:09:00Z<p>Harms.Matt: </p>
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<div>*[[Phnom Penh Mennonite Church]]<br />
<br />
[[Asia and Pacific]]<br />
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[[Category:Asia and Pacific]]</div>Harms.Matt