https://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Mennonite_Conscientious_Objectors_of_World_War_1&feed=atom&action=historyMennonite Conscientious Objectors of World War 1 - Revision history2024-03-28T17:44:08ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.35.2https://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Mennonite_Conscientious_Objectors_of_World_War_1&diff=16149&oldid=prevElizabethMiller at 19:08, 21 March 20162016-03-21T19:08:18Z<p></p>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Submitted by Timothy Keiderling</ins></div></td></tr>
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</table>ElizabethMillerhttps://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Mennonite_Conscientious_Objectors_of_World_War_1&diff=13133&oldid=prevTJKeiderling at 12:20, 1 December 20142014-12-01T12:20:04Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>John Neufeld was born in Inman, Kansas, in 1895. He grew up in Inman, and stayed there until when he turned 25 and moved to Chicago to study architecture. His experience of “mission” in his hometown – where he had worked as a builder and carpenter – made him want to keep building houses for people.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>John Neufeld was born in Inman, Kansas, in 1895. He grew up in Inman, and stayed there until when he turned 25 and moved to Chicago to study architecture. His experience of “mission” in his hometown – where he had worked as a builder and carpenter – made him want to keep building houses for people.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del>After moving to Chicago, Neufeld joined the Grace Mennonite Church. There, he initially served as a youth leader and Sunday school teacher. Two years later, though, the church ordained him as an elder and a minister. And when the lead pastor died, Neufeld served Grace Mennonite in his place. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>After moving to Chicago, Neufeld joined the Grace Mennonite Church. There, he initially served as a youth leader and Sunday school teacher. Two years later, though, the church ordained him as an elder and a minister. And when the lead pastor died, Neufeld served Grace Mennonite in his place. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>One key event in Neufeld’s earlier life made him want to devote himself to service in the church: During the last year of World War 1, the US Army called him for service, and then imprisoned him as a conscientious objector. Here’s how it happened.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>One key event in Neufeld’s earlier life made him want to devote himself to service in the church: During the last year of World War 1, the US Army called him for service, and then imprisoned him as a conscientious objector. Here’s how it happened.</div></td></tr>
</table>TJKeiderlinghttps://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Mennonite_Conscientious_Objectors_of_World_War_1&diff=13132&oldid=prevTJKeiderling at 12:19, 1 December 20142014-12-01T12:19:15Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''John Neufeld'''</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''John Neufeld'''</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>John Neufeld was born <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and raised </del>in Inman, Kansas, in 1895. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> Around the age of </del>25 <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">he came </del>to Chicago to study architecture<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, motivated by his </del>experience <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">as a missionary </del>in <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the area around Inman </del>as a builder and carpenter<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. After moving </del>to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Chicago, Neufeld joined the Grace Mennonite Church where he served as a youth leader and Sunday school teacher. Two years later, he was ordained as an elder and minister, and eventually assumed leadership of the church when the lead pastor died</del>. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>John Neufeld was born in Inman, Kansas, in 1895. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">He grew up in Inman, and stayed there until when he turned </ins>25 <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and moved </ins>to Chicago to study architecture<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. His </ins>experience <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">of “mission” </ins>in <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">his hometown – where he had worked </ins>as a builder and carpenter <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">– made him want </ins>to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">keep building houses for people</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The decision to devote his life to the service of the church had been deeply shaped by his experience as a conscientious objector during World War I. In June of 1918 Neufeld was drafted to serve in the United States Army. </del> After <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">receiving a draft notice </del>to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">report to Camp Funston</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Kansas, along with other conscripted </del>Mennonite <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">young men from the area</del>, he <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">asked to be sent instead to Camp Cody</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">New Mexico</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">so that he could travel with his cousin, Abraham Neufeld, also </del>a <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">conscript bent on conscientious objection</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">—a choice “that would prove a momentous decision</del>,<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">” since he might have avoided a prison sentence had he traveled to Camp Funston</del>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> After <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">moving </ins>to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Chicago</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Neufeld joined the Grace </ins>Mennonite <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Church. There</ins>, he <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">initially served as a youth leader and Sunday school teacher. Two years later</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">though</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the church ordained him as an elder and </ins>a <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">minister</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">And when the lead pastor died</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Neufeld served Grace Mennonite in his place</ins>. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">When </del>Neufeld <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">arrived he </del>was <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">unaware that </del>Camp Cody <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">had </del>a <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">history of abuse towards </del>conscientious <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">objectors</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Officers and fellow soldiers routinely mistreated conscripts who refused </del>to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">participate in training exercises or who were struggling for recognition as COs. To make things worse</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Camp Cody was one of the few military bases in the country too far removed for Mennonite leaders to visit conscientious objectors from their flock</del>. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">One key event in Neufeld’s earlier life made him want to devote himself to service in the church: During the last year of World War 1, the US Army called him for service, and then imprisoned him as a conscientious objector. Here’s how it happened.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Neufeld <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">received a draft summons in June of 1918. He </ins>was <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ordered to report to Camp Funston, Kansas. Many other Mennonite young men had received the same order. But Neufeld asked to be sent instead to </ins>Camp Cody<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, New Mexico, so that he could travel with his cousin, Abraham Neufeld, also </ins>a <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">conscript bent on </ins>conscientious <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">objection</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Neufeld later called this choice “a momentous decision” since if he had agreed to go </ins>to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Camp Funston</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">he might have avoided prison</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Along with one other Mennonite objector who </del>arrived <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">on the same train, Neufeld immediately tried to gain an audience with the officers </del>at Camp Cody <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">to announce their pacifistic stand</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">But they not permitted to speak with a commanding officer. Instead, subordinate officers forced them to put on the military uniform, </del>to participate in <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">drills, and to perform other forms of noncombatant service. Initially </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">two men refused</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">But after seeing what happened </del>to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">another objector, Daniel Miller, </del>who <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">had been subjected to </del>a <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">mock hanging, and hearing threats from the officers about experiencing the same treatment, they reluctantly agreed to chop wood and drill</del>. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">He </ins>arrived at Camp Cody <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">totally unaware its horrible history of abuse of conscientious objectors</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Officers and fellow soldiers routinely beat or tortured conscripts who refused </ins>to participate in <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">training exercises or who couldn’t attain </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">CO status they were looking for</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">To make things worse, Camp Cody was too far away from any Mennonite congregation for ministers </ins>to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">visit Mennonites </ins>who <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">were there – which was </ins>a <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">custom with many other military camps</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">However</del>, Neufeld <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">soon became </del>uncomfortable <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">obeying these </del>orders. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">He </del>had <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">originally </del>thought that <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the </del>commanders would recognize his <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">stance as a conscientious objector and grant him the rights afforded to registered COs by the Secretary of War </del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">When </del>it <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">became apparent </del>that <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">this </del>was not going to happen<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </del>he and his decided that they would <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">no longer work </del>at <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the camp and would no longer drill with the other soldiers</del>. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">As soon as Neufeld got off the train at Camp Cody, he and a fellow Mennonite tried to speak with the commanding officer. They thought that they could avoid trouble if they made their pacifist stand clear from the start. But Camp Cody’s commander did not give them an audience. Instead, subordinate officers forced them to put on the military uniform, to participate in drills, and to obey other routine commands. Initially they both refused. So the officers tried to scare them. They pretended to hang Daniel Miller, another Mennonite CO. Subordinate officers told Neufeld and his friend that they would experience the same treatment, if they didn’t obey orders. After that, Neufeld and his friend reluctantly agreed to chop wood and participate in drills. </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">But this did not last long. Soon</ins>, Neufeld <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">grew </ins>uncomfortable <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">with simply chopping wood at the </ins>orders <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">of his superior officer</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">At first, he </ins>had thought that <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">his </ins>commanders would <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">give in – that they would eventually </ins>recognize his <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">CO status</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Now, </ins>it <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">seemed like </ins>that was not going to happen<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. So </ins>he and his <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">friend </ins>decided that they would <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">completely stop obeying any orders from any superior </ins>at <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Camp Cody</ins>. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Consequences followed immediately</del>. As soon as <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Neufeld </del>stepped out of line from his platoon, officers attacked and viciously beat him. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">They them </del>took him to the camp’s commander, Major Philpott, who urged <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Neufeld </del>to drill with <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the other </del>conscripts. Neufeld again refused. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">He was </del>placed under arrest and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">moved to </del>the camp stockade. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Neufeld started disobeying at the first chance he got: during drill</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </ins>As soon as <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">he </ins>stepped out of line from his platoon, officers attacked and viciously beat him. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Then, they </ins>took him to the camp’s commander, Major Philpott, who urged <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">him </ins>to drill with <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">his fellow </ins>conscripts. Neufeld again refused. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">So the officers </ins>placed <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">him </ins>under arrest<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">imprisoned him in </ins>the camp stockade. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> Thus it happened that barely two weeks after receiving </ins>his <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">draft notice, John Neufeld stood before a military tribunal at </ins>Camp Cody, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">accused of disobeying </ins>orders. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Halfway through </del>his <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">first month in </del>Camp Cody, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">he stood trial. Although admitting openly under examination that he had deliberately disobeyed officers’ </del>orders<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, he argued on the stand that the orders themselves were unlawful in light of the legal rights guaranteed to conscientious objectors by the War Department</del>.</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Neufeld ended up convicted to fifteen years of hard labor at Fort Leavenworth</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">While in prison, he felt </del>that <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">free from </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">army</del>, he <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">could conscientiously participate </del>in the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">drills that were required </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">him in </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">prison</del>. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">He made his case like this: he had disobeyed orders deliberately</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">He wasn’t disputing </ins>that<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. But </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">orders themselves were illegal</ins>, he <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">argued, </ins>in <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">light of </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">rights Secretary </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">War Baker had guaranteed to conscientious objectors, such as </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">right to refuse to obey orders if they violated conscience</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Hardships came, however, when his work crew received orders to report to work on Sunday. Thirteen men, including Neufeld, disobeyed </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">order. As punishment, the prison guards chained them to </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">men who were about to go out to work</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">When the group left the prison walls, guards chained those who had disobeyed the order </del>to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a row </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">posts and left them there while the others worked</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Within an hour or so</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">farm machinery began to break down. Stuck with no work left for </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">prisoners</del>, the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">guards took them home. In Neufeld’s understanding this was miraculous, and convinced </del>him <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">of God’s assurance for his cause</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">for “God had kept his promise, and brought to naught the plans of men against his people and against his word” by not allowing the prison guards to keep them working</del>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">But </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">judges at </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">tribunal weren’t buying it</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> They convicted him </ins>to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">fifteen years </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">hard labor at Fort Leavenworth</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">While in prison</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">he decided that free from </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">army</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">he could conscientiously participate in </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">drills that were required of </ins>him, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">since he was no longer acting as a soldier under military command but as a prisoner</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">During Neufeld’s time in </del>prison <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">he survived numerous diseases and medical difficulties—from influenza </del>to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">diphtheria—mostly because of inadequate housing and unclean living quarters</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Disease was rampant </del>at <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Fort Leavenworth</del>, and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">many </del>prisoners <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">did not survive </del>their <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">sentences</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">This didn’t work very well either. Once, his work crew received orders to report to a work site on a Sunday. Thirteen men, Neufeld among them, didn’t show up. As punishment, the </ins>prison <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">guards chained them </ins>to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the men who obeyed orders</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Then, when they arrived </ins>at <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the work site, the officers chained the thirteen disobedient men to posts, while the others worked. Within an hour or so, farm machinery began to break down. Eventually, all the machines broke down</ins>, and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">none could be fixed. Stuck with no work for the </ins>prisoners<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, the guards were obliged to take them home. Neufeld knew this was a miracle; he was sure God had broken all </ins>their <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">machines, to show the prison guards that the men who refused to work were right. The experience convinced him of God’s assurance for his cause, for as he wrote in a letter, “God had kept his promise, and brought to naught the plans of men against his people and against his word</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">”</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In January 1919, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">more than two </del>months after <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the conclusion of the war</del>, Secretary of War Baker began to reverse sentences of conscientious objectors incarcerated during wartime. Neufeld was in the first group to be released. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">After completing his training in architecture</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">he went </del>on <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">to a </del>life <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">of ministry, teaching, and mission. John Neufeld died in 1961 at the age of 66</del>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">During his time in prison, Neufeld survived several bouts of disease – including influenza and diphtheria – because of the prisoners’ filthy living conditions. Many Fort Leavenworth prisoners did not survive their sentences because of diseases. </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In January 1919, months after <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Armistice Day</ins>, Secretary of War Baker began to reverse <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the </ins>sentences of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">many </ins>conscientious objectors incarcerated during wartime. Neufeld was in the first group to be released. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">He returned home immediately</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and tried to get </ins>on <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">with </ins>life.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">After completing his training in architecture in Chicago, he went on to a life of ministry, teaching, and mission. John Neufeld died in 1961 at the age of 66. </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l27" >Line 27:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 30:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[https://mla.bethelks.edu/archon/?p=creators/creator&id=60] Mennonite Weekly Review Obituary 1961 July 27 p. 8</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[https://mla.bethelks.edu/archon/?p=creators/creator&id=60] Mennonite Weekly Review Obituary 1961 July 27 p. 8</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Melanie Springer Mock, ''Writing Peace: The Unheard Voices of Great War Mennonite Objectors'' (Pennsylvania: Pandora Press US, 2003), 204.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Melanie Springer Mock, ''Writing Peace: The Unheard Voices of Great War Mennonite Objectors'' (Pennsylvania: Pandora Press US, 2003), 204.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Court martial record of John Neufeld (qtd. in Mock, ''Writing Peace'', 207-8)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Court martial record of John Neufeld (qtd. in Mock, ''Writing Peace'', 207-8)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Neufeld to Krehbiel, 3 March 1919. (qtd. in Mock, ''Writing Peace'', 210)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Neufeld to Krehbiel, 3 March 1919. (qtd. in Mock, ''Writing Peace'', 210)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Submitted by Timothy Keiderling</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Submitted by Timothy Keiderling</div></td></tr>
</table>TJKeiderlinghttps://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Mennonite_Conscientious_Objectors_of_World_War_1&diff=12542&oldid=prevTJKeiderling at 22:55, 11 November 20132013-11-11T22:55:55Z<p></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface">
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<col class="diff-content" />
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 22:55, 11 November 2013</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1" >Line 1:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''John Neufeld'''</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''John Neufeld'''</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>John Neufeld was born and raised in Inman, Kansas, in 1895. Around the age 25 he came to Chicago to study architecture, motivated by his experience as a missionary in the area around Inman as a builder and carpenter. After moving to Chicago, Neufeld joined the Grace Mennonite Church where he served as a youth leader and Sunday school teacher. Two years later, he was ordained as an elder and minister, and eventually assumed leadership of the church when the lead pastor died. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>John Neufeld was born and raised in Inman, Kansas, in 1895. Around the age <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">of </ins>25 he came to Chicago to study architecture, motivated by his experience as a missionary in the area around Inman as a builder and carpenter. After moving to Chicago, Neufeld joined the Grace Mennonite Church where he served as a youth leader and Sunday school teacher. Two years later, he was ordained as an elder and minister, and eventually assumed leadership of the church when the lead pastor died. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The decision to devote his life to the service of the church had been deeply shaped by his experience as a conscientious objector during World War I. In June of 1918 Neufeld was drafted to serve in the United States Army. After receiving a draft notice to report to Camp Funston, Kansas, along with other conscripted Mennonite young men from the area, he asked to be sent instead to Camp Cody, New Mexico, so that he could travel with his cousin, Abraham Neufeld, also a conscript bent on conscientious objection. —a choice “that would prove a momentous decision,” since he might have avoided a prison sentence had he traveled to Camp Funston.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The decision to devote his life to the service of the church had been deeply shaped by his experience as a conscientious objector during World War I. In June of 1918 Neufeld was drafted to serve in the United States Army. After receiving a draft notice to report to Camp Funston, Kansas, along with other conscripted Mennonite young men from the area, he asked to be sent instead to Camp Cody, New Mexico, so that he could travel with his cousin, Abraham Neufeld, also a conscript bent on conscientious objection. —a choice “that would prove a momentous decision,” since he might have avoided a prison sentence had he traveled to Camp Funston.</div></td></tr>
</table>TJKeiderlinghttps://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Mennonite_Conscientious_Objectors_of_World_War_1&diff=12541&oldid=prevTJKeiderling at 00:17, 31 October 20132013-10-31T00:17:01Z<p></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface">
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<col class="diff-marker" />
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<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 00:17, 31 October 2013</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l2" >Line 2:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 2:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>John Neufeld was born and raised in Inman, Kansas, in 1895. Around the age 25 he came to Chicago to study architecture, motivated by his experience as a missionary in the area around Inman as a builder and carpenter. After moving to Chicago, Neufeld joined the Grace Mennonite Church where he served as a youth leader and Sunday school teacher. Two years later, he was ordained as an elder and minister, and eventually assumed leadership of the church when the lead pastor died. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>John Neufeld was born and raised in Inman, Kansas, in 1895. Around the age 25 he came to Chicago to study architecture, motivated by his experience as a missionary in the area around Inman as a builder and carpenter. After moving to Chicago, Neufeld joined the Grace Mennonite Church where he served as a youth leader and Sunday school teacher. Two years later, he was ordained as an elder and minister, and eventually assumed leadership of the church when the lead pastor died. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The decision to devote his life to the service of the church had been deeply shaped by his experience as a conscientious objector during World War I. In June of 1918 Neufeld was drafted to serve in the United States Army. After receiving a draft notice to report to Camp Funston, Kansas, along with other conscripted Mennonite young men from the area, he asked to be sent instead to Camp Cody, New Mexico, so that he could travel with his cousin, Abraham Neufeld, also a conscript bent on conscientious objection. —a choice “that would prove a momentous decision,” since he might have avoided a prison sentence had he traveled to Camp Funston.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The decision to devote his life to the service of the church had been deeply shaped by his experience as a conscientious objector during World War I. In June of 1918 Neufeld was drafted to serve in the United States Army. After receiving a draft notice to report to Camp Funston, Kansas, along with other conscripted Mennonite young men from the area, he asked to be sent instead to Camp Cody, New Mexico, so that he could travel with his cousin, Abraham Neufeld, also a conscript bent on conscientious objection. —a choice “that would prove a momentous decision,” since he might have avoided a prison sentence had he traveled to Camp Funston.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>When Neufeld arrived he was unaware that Camp Cody had a history of abuse towards conscientious objectors. Officers and fellow soldiers routinely mistreated conscripts who refused to participate in training exercises or who were struggling for recognition as COs. To make things worse, Camp Cody was one of the few military bases in the country too far removed for Mennonite leaders to visit conscientious objectors from their flock. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>When Neufeld arrived he was unaware that Camp Cody had a history of abuse towards conscientious objectors. Officers and fellow soldiers routinely mistreated conscripts who refused to participate in training exercises or who were struggling for recognition as COs. To make things worse, Camp Cody was one of the few military bases in the country too far removed for Mennonite leaders to visit conscientious objectors from their flock. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l13" >Line 13:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 15:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Neufeld ended up convicted to fifteen years of hard labor at Fort Leavenworth. While in prison, he felt that free from the army, he could conscientiously participate in the drills that were required of him in the prison. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Neufeld ended up convicted to fifteen years of hard labor at Fort Leavenworth. While in prison, he felt that free from the army, he could conscientiously participate in the drills that were required of him in the prison. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Hardships came, however, when his work crew received orders to report to work on Sunday. Thirteen men, including Neufeld, disobeyed the order. As punishment, the prison guards chained them to the men who were about to go out to work. When the group left the prison walls, guards chained those who had disobeyed the order to a row of posts and left them there while the others worked. Within an hour or so, farm machinery began to break down. Stuck with no work left for the prisoners, the guards took them home. In Neufeld’s understanding this was miraculous, and convinced him of God’s assurance for his cause, for “God had kept his promise, and brought to naught the plans of men against his people and against his word” by not allowing the prison guards to keep them working.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Hardships came, however, when his work crew received orders to report to work on Sunday. Thirteen men, including Neufeld, disobeyed the order. As punishment, the prison guards chained them to the men who were about to go out to work. When the group left the prison walls, guards chained those who had disobeyed the order to a row of posts and left them there while the others worked. Within an hour or so, farm machinery began to break down. Stuck with no work left for the prisoners, the guards took them home. In Neufeld’s understanding this was miraculous, and convinced him of God’s assurance for his cause, for “God had kept his promise, and brought to naught the plans of men against his people and against his word” by not allowing the prison guards to keep them working.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>During Neufeld’s time in prison he survived numerous diseases and medical difficulties—from influenza to diphtheria—mostly because of inadequate housing and unclean living quarters. Disease was rampant at Fort Leavenworth, and many prisoners did not survive their sentences. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>During Neufeld’s time in prison he survived numerous diseases and medical difficulties—from influenza to diphtheria—mostly because of inadequate housing and unclean living quarters. Disease was rampant at Fort Leavenworth, and many prisoners did not survive their sentences. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In January 1919, more than two months after the conclusion of the war, Secretary of War Baker began to reverse sentences of conscientious objectors incarcerated during wartime. Neufeld was in the first group to be released. After completing his training in architecture, he went on to a life of ministry, teaching, and mission. John Neufeld died in 1961 at the age of 66.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In January 1919, more than two months after the conclusion of the war, Secretary of War Baker began to reverse sentences of conscientious objectors incarcerated during wartime. Neufeld was in the first group to be released. After completing his training in architecture, he went on to a life of ministry, teaching, and mission. John Neufeld died in 1961 at the age of 66.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Information in this story was taken from:</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Bibliography'''</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Bibliography'''</div></td></tr>
</table>TJKeiderlinghttps://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Mennonite_Conscientious_Objectors_of_World_War_1&diff=12532&oldid=prevTJKeiderling at 15:21, 14 October 20132013-10-14T15:21:00Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In January 1919, more than two months after the conclusion of the war, Secretary of War Baker began to reverse sentences of conscientious objectors incarcerated during wartime. Neufeld was in the first group to be released. After completing his training in architecture, he went on to a life of ministry, teaching, and mission. John Neufeld died in 1961 at the age of 66.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In January 1919, more than two months after the conclusion of the war, Secretary of War Baker began to reverse sentences of conscientious objectors incarcerated during wartime. Neufeld was in the first group to be released. After completing his training in architecture, he went on to a life of ministry, teaching, and mission. John Neufeld died in 1961 at the age of 66.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Information in this story was taken from:</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Bibliography'''</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Bibliography'''</div></td></tr>
</table>TJKeiderlinghttps://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Mennonite_Conscientious_Objectors_of_World_War_1&diff=12515&oldid=prevTJKeiderling at 03:36, 12 October 20132013-10-12T03:36:41Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Court martial record of John Neufeld qtd. in Mock, ''Writing Peace'', 207-8</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Court martial record of John Neufeld <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(</ins>qtd. in Mock, ''Writing Peace'', 207-8<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">)</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Neufeld to Krehbiel, 3 March 1919. qtd. in Mock, ''Writing Peace'', 210<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Neufeld to Krehbiel, 3 March 1919. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(</ins>qtd. in Mock, ''Writing Peace'', 210<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">)</ins></div></td></tr>
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</table>TJKeiderlinghttps://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Mennonite_Conscientious_Objectors_of_World_War_1&diff=12513&oldid=prevTJKeiderling at 03:24, 12 October 20132013-10-12T03:24:35Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[https://mla.bethelks.edu/archon/?p=creators/creator&id=60] Mennonite Weekly Review Obituary 1961 July 27 p. 8</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[https://mla.bethelks.edu/archon/?p=creators/creator&id=60] Mennonite Weekly Review Obituary 1961 July 27 p. 8</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://mla.bethelks.edu/mediawiki/index.php/Neufeld._John_T._(1895-1961)]</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Melanie Springer Mock, ''Writing Peace: The Unheard Voices of Great War Mennonite Objectors'' (Pennsylvania: Pandora Press US, 2003), 204.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Melanie Springer Mock, ''Writing Peace: The Unheard Voices of Great War Mennonite Objectors'' (Pennsylvania: Pandora Press US, 2003), 204.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Court martial record of John Neufeld qtd. in Mock, ''Writing Peace'', 207-8</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Court martial record of John Neufeld qtd. in Mock, ''Writing Peace'', 207-8</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Neufeld to Krehbiel, 3 March 1919. qtd. in Mock, ''Writing Peace'', 210.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Neufeld to Krehbiel, 3 March 1919. qtd. in Mock, ''Writing Peace'', 210.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Submitted by Timothy Keiderling</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Submitted by Timothy Keiderling</div></td></tr>
</table>TJKeiderlinghttps://anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Mennonite_Conscientious_Objectors_of_World_War_1&diff=12512&oldid=prevTJKeiderling: Created page with "'''John Neufeld''' John Neufeld was born and raised in Inman, Kansas, in 1895. Around the age 25 he came to Chicago to study architecture, motivated by his experience as a m..."2013-10-12T03:22:55Z<p>Created page with "'''John Neufeld''' John Neufeld was born and raised in Inman, Kansas, in 1895. Around the age 25 he came to Chicago to study architecture, motivated by his experience as a m..."</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>'''John Neufeld'''<br />
<br />
John Neufeld was born and raised in Inman, Kansas, in 1895. Around the age 25 he came to Chicago to study architecture, motivated by his experience as a missionary in the area around Inman as a builder and carpenter. After moving to Chicago, Neufeld joined the Grace Mennonite Church where he served as a youth leader and Sunday school teacher. Two years later, he was ordained as an elder and minister, and eventually assumed leadership of the church when the lead pastor died. <br />
The decision to devote his life to the service of the church had been deeply shaped by his experience as a conscientious objector during World War I. In June of 1918 Neufeld was drafted to serve in the United States Army. After receiving a draft notice to report to Camp Funston, Kansas, along with other conscripted Mennonite young men from the area, he asked to be sent instead to Camp Cody, New Mexico, so that he could travel with his cousin, Abraham Neufeld, also a conscript bent on conscientious objection. —a choice “that would prove a momentous decision,” since he might have avoided a prison sentence had he traveled to Camp Funston.<br />
When Neufeld arrived he was unaware that Camp Cody had a history of abuse towards conscientious objectors. Officers and fellow soldiers routinely mistreated conscripts who refused to participate in training exercises or who were struggling for recognition as COs. To make things worse, Camp Cody was one of the few military bases in the country too far removed for Mennonite leaders to visit conscientious objectors from their flock. <br />
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Along with one other Mennonite objector who arrived on the same train, Neufeld immediately tried to gain an audience with the officers at Camp Cody to announce their pacifistic stand. But they not permitted to speak with a commanding officer. Instead, subordinate officers forced them to put on the military uniform, to participate in drills, and to perform other forms of noncombatant service. Initially the two men refused. But after seeing what happened to another objector, Daniel Miller, who had been subjected to a mock hanging, and hearing threats from the officers about experiencing the same treatment, they reluctantly agreed to chop wood and drill. <br />
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However, Neufeld soon became uncomfortable obeying these orders. He had originally thought that the commanders would recognize his stance as a conscientious objector and grant him the rights afforded to registered COs by the Secretary of War . When it became apparent that this was not going to happen, he and his decided that they would no longer work at the camp and would no longer drill with the other soldiers. <br />
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Consequences followed immediately. As soon as Neufeld stepped out of line from his platoon, officers attacked and viciously beat him. They them took him to the camp’s commander, Major Philpott, who urged Neufeld to drill with the other conscripts. Neufeld again refused. He was placed under arrest and moved to the camp stockade. <br />
Halfway through his first month in Camp Cody, he stood trial. Although admitting openly under examination that he had deliberately disobeyed officers’ orders, he argued on the stand that the orders themselves were unlawful in light of the legal rights guaranteed to conscientious objectors by the War Department.<br />
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Neufeld ended up convicted to fifteen years of hard labor at Fort Leavenworth. While in prison, he felt that free from the army, he could conscientiously participate in the drills that were required of him in the prison. <br />
Hardships came, however, when his work crew received orders to report to work on Sunday. Thirteen men, including Neufeld, disobeyed the order. As punishment, the prison guards chained them to the men who were about to go out to work. When the group left the prison walls, guards chained those who had disobeyed the order to a row of posts and left them there while the others worked. Within an hour or so, farm machinery began to break down. Stuck with no work left for the prisoners, the guards took them home. In Neufeld’s understanding this was miraculous, and convinced him of God’s assurance for his cause, for “God had kept his promise, and brought to naught the plans of men against his people and against his word” by not allowing the prison guards to keep them working.<br />
During Neufeld’s time in prison he survived numerous diseases and medical difficulties—from influenza to diphtheria—mostly because of inadequate housing and unclean living quarters. Disease was rampant at Fort Leavenworth, and many prisoners did not survive their sentences. <br />
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In January 1919, more than two months after the conclusion of the war, Secretary of War Baker began to reverse sentences of conscientious objectors incarcerated during wartime. Neufeld was in the first group to be released. After completing his training in architecture, he went on to a life of ministry, teaching, and mission. John Neufeld died in 1961 at the age of 66.<br />
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'''Bibliography'''<br />
<br />
[https://mla.bethelks.edu/archon/?p=creators/creator&id=60] Mennonite Weekly Review Obituary 1961 July 27 p. 8<br />
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[https://mla.bethelks.edu/mediawiki/index.php/Neufeld._John_T._(1895-1961)]<br />
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Melanie Springer Mock, ''Writing Peace: The Unheard Voices of Great War Mennonite Objectors'' (Pennsylvania: Pandora Press US, 2003), 204.<br />
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Court martial record of John Neufeld qtd. in Mock, ''Writing Peace'', 207-8<br />
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Neufeld to Krehbiel, 3 March 1919. qtd. in Mock, ''Writing Peace'', 210.<br />
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Submitted by Timothy Keiderling</div>TJKeiderling